ارزیابی محلول‌پاشی برگی الیسیتورهای زیستی بر تغییرات عملکردی، شاخص‌های فیزیولوژیکی و زیست شیمیایی رازیانه (Foeniculum vulgare)

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 عضوهیات علمی دانشگاه زابل

2 عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه زابل

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: رازیانه یا بادیان سبز گیاهی از خانواده چتریان و جزء قدیمی‌ترین گیاهان دارویی ایران است که اندام‌های مختلف آن در صنایع داروسازی، آرایشی و طب سنتی مورد استقبال قرار گرفته است. کاربرد الیسیتورها سبب افزایش عملکرد و تولید متابولیت‌های ثانویه در گیاهان دارویی می‌شود. با توجه به افزایش روز افزون تقاضا و اهمیت اقتصادی انواع متابولیت‌های گیاهی، بکارگیری الیسیتورهای زیستی در سیستم‌های کشاورزی پایدار در راستای بهبود کیفیت محصول و حداکثر بازده عملکرد و اسانس گیاهان دارویی بومی ایران ضروری بنظر می‌رسد.
مواد و روش‌ها: این پژوهش در مزرعه تحقیقاتی پژوهشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه زابل در قالب طرح بلوک کاملاً تصادفی با 16 تیمار در 3 تکرار در سال 1395 اجرا گردید. در این بررسی، محلول‌پاشی اسید سالیسیلیک و کیتوزان در سه مرحله رویشی، ابتدای گلدهی و زایشی با غلطت‌های مختلف توسط سمپاش پشتی انجام گرفت. ویژگی‌های ارتفاع بوته، تعداد چتر در بوته، تعداد چترک در بوته، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک، شاخص برداشت، درصد و عملکرد اسانس، کلروفیل a، b، کاروتنوئید، آنتوسیانین، فلاونوئید، فنل، پراکسیداز و پلی‌فنل‌اکسیداز مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت.
یافته‌ها: براساس نتایج بدست آمده افزایش هم‌زمان غلظت کیتوزان و اسید سالیسیلیک سبب افزایش تعداد چترک و چتر در بوته شد. بررسی مقادیر بدست آمده نشان داد بیشترین تعداد چتر در بوته از تیمار 5/1 میلی‌مولار سالیسیلیک اسید و 200 میلی-گرم در لیتر کیتوزان (A15) و کمترین مقدار آن از شاهد (A0) مشاهده شد. محلول‌پاشی کیتوزان و اسید سالیسیلیک بر وزن هزار دانه تاثیر معنی‌داری داشت، به‌طوریکه تیمار 5/1 میلی‌مولار سالیسیلیک اسید و 150 میلی‌گرم در لیتر کیتوزان (A14) وزن هزار دانه را 1/41 درصد نسبت به شاهد افزایش داد. بیشترین عملکرد دانه از تیمار A15 با میانگین 1/1025 کیلوگرم در هکتار و کمترین مقدار با میانگین 1/537 کیلوگرم در هکتار در تیمار شاهد مشاهده شد که کاهش 6/47 درصدی (488 کیلوگرم) نسبت به شاهد نشان داد. همچنین با افزایش سطح کیتوزان و اسید سالیسیلیک، عملکرد بیولوژیک و شاخص برداشت به طور معنی‌داری نسبت به شاهد افزایش یافت. بیشترین درصد (86/2) و عملکرد اسانس (9/28 کیلوگرم در هکتار) نیز در تیمار A14 مشاهده شد. عدم کاربرد الیسیتورها سبب کاهش معنی‌دار مقدار کاروتنوئید، آنتوسیانین و فلاونوئید شد. کاربرد 200 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر کیتوزان و 5/1 میلی‌مولار اسید سالیسیلیک، میزان فنل، فعالیت آنزیم پراکسیداز و پلی‌فنل اکسیداز را بترتیب 3/76، 4/71 و 7/55 درصد نسبت به شاهد افزایش داد. نتایج نشان داد محلول‌پاشی کیتوزان و اسید سالیسیلیک از طریق افزایش رنگیزه-های فتوسنتزی و اسمولیت‌های محلول، همچنین محافظت در برابر خسارت نشت الکترولیتی توانایی گیاه رازیانه را بهبود بخشیده و از این طریق عملکرد دانه را افزایش داد.
نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به اینکه خشکی از ویژگی‌های بارز منطقه سیستان است، به نظر می‌رسد کاربرد تلفیقی الیسیتورهای زیستی در غلظت‌های 5/1 میلی‌مولار اسید سالیسیلیک و 200 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر کیتوزان توانست موجب افزایش عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و تولید متابولیت‌های ثانویه در گیاه رازیانه گردد. لذا مصرف توام آن بصورت محلول‌پاشی در جهت توسعه کشت و کار رازیانه و جایگزین برای کود شیمیایی قابل توصیه است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Biotic Elicitors Foliar Application on Functional Changes, Physiological and Biochemical Parameters of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)

نویسندگان [English]

  • mohamad forouzandeh 1
  • zaynab mohkami 2
  • bahman fazelinasab 2
1
2 Faculty members of agricultural research institute, University of Zabol
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: Fennel or green badian is one the oldest medicinal plants of Iran, with its different parts are used in drugs, cosmetic and traditional medicine industries. Elicitors' application increases the yield and secondary metabolites production in medicinal plants. Considering the increasing demand and the economic importance of plant metabolites types, the use of biotic elicitors in sustainable agricultural systems is necessary in order to quality improve and the maximum yield and essential oil yield of native medicinal plants of Iran.
Materials and methods: This research was concluted at the agricultural research istitute of Zabol University in a completely randomized design with three replications and 16 treatments in 2016. In this study, foliar spray of salicylic acid and chitosan were in three stages of vegetative, flowering and reproductive with different combination by sprays. Characteristics of height plant, number of umbrella per plant, number of umbellate per plant, thousand –seed weight, seed yield, biological yield, harvest index, essential oil percentage, essential oil yield, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoid, anthocyanin, flavonoid, phenol, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase were evaluated.
Results: According to the results, increasing chitosan and salicylic acid concentrations increased the number of umbellate and umbrella per plant. The results showed that the highest number of umbrella per plant was obtained from chitosan= 200 mg.l-1, salicylic acid= 1.5 mM (A15) and the lowest value from chitosan= 0 mg.l-1, salicylic acid= 0 mM (A0) treatment. The chitosan and salicylic acid foliar application had a significant effect on thousand –seed weight, so that the treatment chitosan= 150 mg.l-1, salicylic acid= 1.5 mM (A14), increased the thousand –seed weight by 41.1% compared to the control. The highest seed yield was obtained from A15 treatment with the mean of 1551 kg.ha-1 and lowest in control treatment with the mean of 11.22 kg.ha-1, which showed a decrease of 27.7% (480.4 kg) compared to the control. Also, with increasing levels of chitosan and salicylic acid, biological yield and harvest index increased significantly compared to control. The highest percentage (2.86%) and essential oil yield (14.2 kg ha-1) were observed in A14 treatment. Without elicitors application significantly decreased amount of chlorophylls, carotenoids, anthocyanins and flavonoids. The 200 mg.l-1 chitosan and 1.5mM salicylic acid application the phenol, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase enzym activity increased to 76.3, 71.4 and 55.7% respectively, in comparison with the control. The results showed that the chitosan and salicylic acid spraying by enhancing photosynthesis pigments and soluble osmolites, also protection against the damage of electrolyte leakage, improved the ability plant and increased seed yield of fennel.
Conclusion: With regard to this fact that the drought is characteristic feature of the Sistan region, it seems that the integrated application of biotic elicitors at 1.5 mM salicylic acid and 200 mg.l-1 of chitosan increased yield, yield components and secondary metabolites of fennel. Therefore, salisilic acid and chitosan are recommended spraying application for planting and development of fennel and alternative for chemicla fertilizers.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Chitosan
  • chlorophyll
  • Phenol
  • Polyphenol oxidase
  • Salicylic acid
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