Evaluation of media elements and materials on petiole somatic embryogenesis of Carrot (Daucus carota L.)
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article
2012
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Somatic embryogenesis is a new approache to plant mass in vitro propagation. This method influences by elements and their components in medium. In order to investigate the effects of different media and it,s role on somatic embryogenesis of Carrot, a CBD experiment with four replications (including 12 treatments) was conducted. To do this, Carrot Petioles (with 1 cm dimension) in induction phase were cultured in three different media including MS, B5 and NL. After three weeks, induced organs were transported to realization phase and embryo counting was begun six weeks after realization phase during different embryogenesis stages. Results indicated that studied media had significant differences in respect to somatic embryogenesis (P<0.01). The B5 and MS had the highest and the lowest number of globular, heart, torpedo and seeding, respectively. Results of stepwise regression revealed that the calcium was the most determinant element on induction and embryogenesis evaluation. The Phosphorus and Potassium also were placed in next two priorities. Correlation results show that, Potassium was positively, but Ammonia, Phosphorus and Calcium were negatively correlated with embryo number. Also, results stated that low embryo number in MS media stewed from lacking of casein hydrolysate in media.
Journal of Plant Production Research
Gorgan University Of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
2322-2050
17
v.
1
no.
2012
1
22
https://jopp.gau.ac.ir/article_237_7b01888340733490752d18cd0690fd2c.pdf
Evaluation of drought tolerance of twelve improved barley genotypes in dry and warm condition
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article
2012
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Drought stress due to water deficit and terminal temperatures is a serious problem in agriculture, and it is one of the most important factors contributing to crop yield loss. To evaluate drought tolerance of barley, 12 advanced barley genotypes were studied in two rainfed and irrigated conditions (in a subtropical region, Gachsaran) in 2006-2007 in a RCB design with three replications. Results revealed that all genotypes showed some loss in all studied characteristics in water deficit stress. The most yield loss due to drought stress was observed for genotypes #5 and #8 (2.6 and 1.68 t ha-1, respectively), while genotype #10 showed the least yield loss (0.77 t ha-1). Correlation analysis showed that yield in irrigated environment was correlated with yield in water deficit condition (r=0.62), indicating that selection for yield in normal conditions (YP) will be desirable and will positively affect yield under drought stress (YS). The comparisons between different evaluation indeces of drought response to drught show that there was not colinearity between the results obtained by two group indeces (sensitivity evaluation indices vs. tolerance evaluation indices) in identification of tolerant genotypes, so that with TOL, LOS and SSI, lines #10, 9 and 4 had least sensitivity, while with MP, STI, GMP and HAR, lines #5, 6 and 11 had highest drought tolerance. To choose and introduce best criteria of drought tolerance, the correlation of above indices with yield under normal and drought stress was evaluated. Results showed that none of sensitivity evaluation indices (TOL, LOS and SSI) had significant correlations with yield under stress, while all tolerance evaluation indices (MP, STI, GMP and HAR) had significant correlations with yield under both conditions, indicating that using these later criteria for evaluation of drught tolearnce will be more desirable in breeding programes.
Journal of Plant Production Research
Gorgan University Of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
2322-2050
17
v.
1
no.
2012
23
44
https://jopp.gau.ac.ir/article_238_430625d8cfdb5969f811cbd82a964eb3.pdf
Effects of nutrition and media on vegetative and reproductive characteristics of pepino (Solanum muricatum) as a new vegetable
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article
2012
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This experiment was carried to find out the effects of foliar fertilization and growing media on some of vegetative and reproductive traits of the new vegetable pepino (Solanum muricatum) in a pot culture in outdoor space during five month period in Mashhad. Foliar fertilization treatments were used in this study including foliar fertilization once every three weeks, once a week and control (no foliar fertilization). Media treatments also included soil, soil mixed with vermicompost, soil mixed with sand, soil mixed with peat moss and a mixture of soil, sand and peat moss. This experiment was conducted in a factorial (35) based on a completely randomized design with 6 replications. Traits such as number of shoots, leaf area, number of flower per bush and number of fruits per bush were measured by the stage of ripening fruits. The results showed that the foliar fertilization and media treatments in all of traits except for the effect of media on leaf area were significant different. In foliar fertilization treatments, the treatment of once every three weeks Resulted in significant increas in comparison to the control (P<0.01) and compared to the treatment of once a week showed significant increase in the number of shoots and number of fruit (P<0.01). Foliar fertilization treatment once a week compared to the control except for the number of fruits has also significant increase in all traits (P<0.01). In the growing media, treatment on vegetative and reproductive traits of pepino, the mixed of soil and peat moss showed significant increase in comparison to soil at %1 level on the traits such as number of shoots, number of flowers and number of fruits. This growing media also has significant effect on the traits of number of shoots and number of fruits compared to the mixture of soil, sand and peat moss as well as soil mixed with sand (P<0.01). Effect of growing media on leaf area showed no significant difference.
Journal of Plant Production Research
Gorgan University Of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
2322-2050
17
v.
1
no.
2012
45
60
https://jopp.gau.ac.ir/article_239_0166934ac2a50c5749a6e26b49f22369.pdf
Producing callus and somatic embryogenesis of Agropyron cristatum on Murashige and Skoog medium
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article
2012
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Agropyron cristatum L. Gaertn. is a native grass of semiarid region in Iran which is quit resistant to cool and drought climate and withstand heavy grazing. This species has close phylogenetic relationship with Triticum and Hordeum. In this research, the effect of seven different concentrations of growth regulator 2,4-D on callus production and somatic embryogenesis of A. cristatum was investigated on Murashige and Skoog medium. The results showed that the rate of callus, embryo and neomorph were highest in 1 mg L-1 2,4-D. Callus production was increased in 1 mg L-1 2,4-D but dramatically decreased at 5.5 and 9 mg L-1 2,4-D. The somatic embryos were observed at 1 and 4 mg L-1 2,4-D but matured embryos and plantlet were only occurred at 1 mg L-1 2,4-D. There were significant differences between 1 mg L-1 2,4-D and other treatments for producing globular and torpedo embryos, plantlet, rooted callus and number of roots (P<0.05) and there was not any callus production and embryogenesis in control treatment without growth regulator.
Journal of Plant Production Research
Gorgan University Of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
2322-2050
17
v.
1
no.
2012
61
76
https://jopp.gau.ac.ir/article_240_ca521e2bc00121f36aaa80f6799d9097.pdf
Evaluation of growth and development adaptability and medicinal-ornamental potential of Clary sage (Salvia sclarea L.) cultivated in Mashhad climatic conditions
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article
2012
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Salvia genus belongs to lamiaceae family that was used in ancient and its application in culinary, flavor cosmetics, food and drinking industries is important. In the present study to assess compatibility of Salvia sclarea to field condition and determine its potential for medicinal and ornamental applications, wild seed were cultured in pots. After initial growth, seedlings at 6-8 leaf stage transfered to main plots. All phenologic characteristic were recorded during growth stages. The plants entered in flower phase (first half of July) and during the flowering period, growth indexes such as plant height, leaf length and diameter, leaf number, flowering stems number, inflorescence height, and essential oil content were measured. Also essential oil composition in full flowering stage identified by GC and GC-MS. The results showed this plant had good compatibility for culture and domestication in this condition. Aerial parts of plant, especially inflorescence part (freshly) contained the essential oil that the main constituents were linalool (30.03%), linalyl acetate (23.08%) and α-terpineol (11.13%). Due to leaf and flower beauty, compound aroma in flower stage and easy care, this plant could be used as an ornamental in urban green space.
Journal of Plant Production Research
Gorgan University Of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
2322-2050
17
v.
1
no.
2012
77
90
https://jopp.gau.ac.ir/article_241_93164caa7f0714a96d54909fab15d6bf.pdf
Identification of fungal agents of garlic and onion leaf spot and blight in Jiroft, Iran
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article
2012
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Garlic and onion are very important crops which are cultivated especially in autumn season in Jiroft region, southeast of Iran. One of the limiting factors for development of cultivation of these crops is fungal diseases such as leaf spot and blight. For identifying the causal agents of this disease, numerous onion and garlic fields were surveyed during 2001-2003 and infected samples were collected and cultured. The fungi Fusarium oxysporom, F. solani, F. semitectum and Rhizoctonia solani were isolated from symptomatic crops. All of isolated fungi were pathogenic on onion seedling. On mature garlic and onion plants a type of leaf blight was observed and Cladasporium cladosporioides was found to be pathogenic and cause this disease. From onion and garlic crops with purple spot symptoms, Alternaria sp isolated and shown to be pathogenic on these crops. A type of leaf blight symptoms was seen on mature garlic and onion plants. Disease symptoms mostly on lower leaves as yellow small leaf spot were observed. Sometimes these spots became larger and caused blight. From symptomatic plants, Stemphylium sp. was isolated and shown to be pathogenic.
Journal of Plant Production Research
Gorgan University Of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
2322-2050
17
v.
1
no.
2012
91
101
https://jopp.gau.ac.ir/article_242_cfdc8dd5efc22828d68451e2775dcfc5.pdf
The effect of water stress on morphological characteristic and essential oil content of improved sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)
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article
2012
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A pot experiment in Randomized Complete Blocks Design (RCBD) with six treatments in four replications was conducted to study the effect of water stress on morphological characteristics and essential oil content of improved basil (Ocimum basilicum c.v. Keshkeni luvelou). The irrigation treatments for induction of water stress were: A: (125 ml/ 12 h), B: (250 ml/ 24 h), C: (250 ml/ 48 h), D: (500 ml/ 72 h), E: (250 ml/ 72 h), F: (125 ml/ 48 h). According to the results of statistical analysis, different levels of water stress had significant effect (P<0.01) on measured factors (herb fresh and dry weight, plant height, leaf number, root dry weight and essential oil content). The results showed that the highest fresh and dry herb produced in treatment B (250 ml/ 48 h) and the lowest one produced in treatment E (250 ml/72 h). There was not significant difference between treatment A and B as growth factor as concerned that is with increasing of irrigation time and decreasing of water content (250 ml to 125 ml), there was no significant effect on growth factors, in the other hand, with increasing of irrigation time and water content in treatment D, yield was higher than of the treatments except treatments A, B. These results showed that water stress influenced the yield and essential oil content of the plants and the best irrigation regime was determined as 500 ml/ 72 h. In conclusion, the highest essential oil content and yield produced in moderate water stress treatments (C and D).
Journal of Plant Production Research
Gorgan University Of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
2322-2050
17
v.
1
no.
2012
103
111
https://jopp.gau.ac.ir/article_243_5459ef50edc8df0bf34b2d77b6dc1565.pdf