تأثیر محلول‌پاشی با سلنیوم بر برخی شاخص‌های مورفولوژی و فیزیولوژی کاهو (Lactuca sativa) تحت شرایط تنش کادمیوم در کشت هیدروپونیک

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی‌ارشد علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.

2 نویسنده مسئول، استاد گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.

3 دانشیار گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

4 دانش‌آموخته دکتری علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.

5 استادیار گروه علوم گیاهی و گیاهان دارویی، دانشکده کشاورزی مشکین‌شهر، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: کادمیوم یکی از مهمترین آلاینده‌های محیط زیست به شمار می‌رود که موجب صدمات جدی به جانداران و موجوداتی که از آن‌ها تغذیه می‌کنند، می‌شود. زمین‌های کشاورزی آلوده به کادمیوم یک مشکل بزرگ است. زیرا این فلز به راحتی توسط ریشه گیاهان جذب می‌شود و می‌تواند به قسمت‌های هوایی منتقل شود. افزایش تحمل گیاهان به تنش‌های زیستی و غیر‌زیستی موضوع قابل بحث و با اهمیتی است که امروزه بیشتر از پیش به آن پرداخته می‌شود. سلنیوم یکی از عناصری است که می‌تواند در تعدیل تنش در گیاهان استفاده شود. سلنیوم می‌تواند در کاهش اثرات تنش سمیت فلزات سنگین در خاک نقش داشته باشد.

مواد و روش‌ها : این آزمایش به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با دو فاکتور و چهار تکرار در شرایط کشت هیدروپونیک در گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی اجرا شد. فاکتور اول شامل کاربرد فلز کادمیوم (کلرید کادمیوم) در محلول غذایی در سه غلظت (صفر، 30و 60 میکرو مولار) و فاکتور دوم محلول پاشی با سلنیوم (سلنات سدیم) در سه غلظت (صفر، 75 و 150 میکرومولار) بود.

یافته‌ها: نتایج حاصل نشان داد که با افزایش غلظت کادمیم پارامترهایی مانند وزن خشک برگ، تعداد برگ، هدایت روزنه‌ای و میزان کلروفیل کاهش ولی در مقابل پارامتر‌هایی مانند نشت الکترولیتی، میزان مالون‌دی‌آلدئید و قند‌های محلول افزایش یافتند. به‌طوری‌که بیشترین میزان صفات وزن ‌خشک برگ (1/4 گرم)، تعداد برگ (08/20)، هدایت روزنه‌ای (72/26)، کلروفیل‌کل (221/0) در شرایط بدون کادمیم، در‌حالی‌که بیشترین میزان صفات نشت الکترولیتی (76/45)، مالون‌دی‌آلدئید (072/0)، قند محلول (83/0) در غلظت 60 میکرومولار کامیم بدست آمد. همچنین نتایج مربوط به اثرت متقابل دو فاکتور مذکور نشان داد که بیشترین محتوی نسبی آب برگ (95/65 درصد)، کلروفیلa (18/0میلی‌گرم بر گرم وزن‌تر) در تیمار بدون تنش کادمیم و کاربرد محلول پاشی سلنیوم 150 میکرومولار حاصل شد. همچنین سلنیوم موجب تعدیل تنش و اثرات تنش در گیاهانی که تحت تنش فلزات سنگین بودند گردید، به-طوری که بیشترین تاثیر محلول پاشی سلنیوم در غلظت‌های بالای تنش فلز سنگین کادمیوم بود.

نتیجه‌گیری: سمیت کادمیوم موجب بروز اختلال در خصوصیات رشدی، فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی در رشد گیاه کاهو می‌شود، همچنین محلول پاشی سلنیوم موجب بهبود خصوصیات رشدی و بهبود عملکرد گیاه کاهو شده و همچنین موجب کاهش و تعدیل اثرات فلز سنگین کادمیم در گیاه کاهو گردید.سمیت کادمیوم موجب بروز اختلال در خصوصیات رشدی، فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی در رشد گیاه کاهو می‌شود، همچنین محلول پاشی سلنیوم موجب بهبود خصوصیات رشدی و بهبود عملکرد گیاه کاهو شده و همچنین موجب کاهش و تعدیل اثرات فلز سنگین کادمیم در گیاه کاهو گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of foliar spraying with selenium on some morphological and physiological indicators of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) under cadmium stress in hydroponic culture

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hajar Khanmohammadi 1
  • behrooz esmaielpour 2
  • Rasool Azarmi 3
  • Zahra Aslani 4
  • Ali Shahi Qaraler 5
1 M.Sc. Graduate of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
2 Corresponding Author, Professor, Dept. of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
3 Associate Prof., Dept. of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
4 Ph.D. Graduate of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
5 Assistant Prof., Dept. of Plant Sciences and Medicinal Plants, Meshgin Shahr Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
چکیده [English]

Abstract



Background and objectives:

Cadmium is considered one of the most important pollutants in the environment, which causes serious damage to living organisms and the organisms that feed on them. Agricultural land contaminated with cadmium is a big problem. Because this metal is easily absorbed by the roots of plants and can be transferred to the aerial parts. Increasing the tolerance of plants to biotic and abiotic stresses is a debatable and important issue that is discussed more than ever before. Selenium is one of the elements that can be used to adjust the stress in plants. Selenium can play a role in reducing the stress effects of heavy metal toxicity in soil.

Materials and methods:

This research was carried out in the research greenhouse of Mohaghegh Ardabili University, in a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with two factors and four replications under hydroponic cultivation conditions. The first factor included the application of cadmium metal in food solution at three concentrations (zero, 30 and 60 µM) and the second factor was spraying with selenium at three concentrations (zero, 75 and 150 µM).

Results:

The results showed that parameters such as leaf dry weight, number of leaves, stomatal conductance and chlorophyll decreased with increasing cadmium concentration, while parameters such as electrolyte diffusion, malondialdehyde and soluble sugars increased. So that the highest amount of leaf dry weight (4.1 gr), number of leaves (20.08), stomatal conductance (26.72), total chlorophyll (0.221), electrolyte leakage (76.45), malondialdehyde (0.072), soluble sugar (0.83) were obtained under cadmium-free conditions and at 60 μM cadmium concentration, respectively. Also, the results related to effect of the two mentioned factors showed that the highest relative content of RWC (65.95%), chlorophyll (0.18 mg/g FW) was obtained in the treatment without cadmium stress and the application of foliar spraying of 150 µM selenium, respectively. Also, selenium moderated stress and effects of stress in plants that were under heavy metal stress, so that the greatest effect of selenium foliar application was in high concentrations of heavy metal stress of cadmium.

Conclusion:

In this study, it was tried to investigate the effects of selenium in modulating the toxicity of the heavy metal cadmium in lettuce plants from different aspects, and according to the results of this research, it can be concluded that cadmium toxicity causes disturbances in growth, physiological and biochemical characteristics in the growth of the lettuce plant is improved, and the use of selenium foliar spraying improved the growth characteristics and performance of the lettuce plant, and also reduced and moderated the effects of the heavy metal cadmium in the lettuce plant.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cadmium toxicity
  • growth indicators
  • lettuce
  • selenium foliar application
  • hydroponics

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پژوهش‌های تولید گیاهی
دوره 32، شماره 1
فروردین 1404
صفحه 161-179

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