ارزیابی روابط بین برخی از صفات رشدی و بیوشیمیایی سویا تحت تنش شوری بوسیله تجزیه همبستگی کانونیک و شاخص انتخاب ژنوتیپ ایده آل در مرحله گیاهچه‌ای

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسنده

نویسنده مسئول، استادیار مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: سویا مانند سایر بقولات در گروه گیاهان حساس به شوری است و نظر به آنکه مانند سایر گیاهان زراعی تحت شرایط تنش شوری با کاهش عملکرد مواجه می شود، لذا کشف سازوکارهایی که پاسخ سویا به شوری را کنترل می کنند و انتخاب ارقامی که در شرایط شوری با کاهش عملکرد روبرو نشوند، از جنبه زراعی و بهره‌وری اقتصادی بسیار مهم است. هدف این تحقیق تعیین روابط بین مجموعه صفات مرتبط با رشد گیاهچه و صفات بیوشیمیایی و استفاده از این روابط و صفات در شناسایی ژنوتیپ‌های متحمل به تنش شوری در سویا بود.

مواد و روش‌ها:

دو طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی جداگانه یکی برای تیمار شاهد با شوری صفر و دیگری برای تیمار شوری با 150 میلی مولار کلرید سدیم، برای ارزیابی 30 ژنوتیپ سویا به صورت کشت هیدروپونیک در شرایط گلخانه‌ای در موسسه اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر کرج در سال 1396 استفاده شد. در این مطالعه صفات مرتبط با رشد گیاهچه و صفات بیوشیمیایی زیر مورد بررسی قرار گرفت: شاخص سطح برگ، ارتفاع ساقه، طول ریشه، وزن تر و خشک هر دو اندام هوایی و ریشه، میزان کلروفیل(SPAD value)، شاخص صدمه شوری (Salt injury index)، میزان سدیم و پتاسیم در اندام هوایی و ریشه، نسبت پتاسیم به سدیم اندام هوایی و ریشه، و نسبت جابه جایی سدیم و پتاسیم از ریشه به اندام هوایی.

یافته‌ها: تجزیه واریانس امی نشان داد که ژنوتیپ، محیط (تیمارهای شوری) و برهمکنش‌های آنها اثر معنی‌داری بر تغییرات وزن تر اندام هوایی سویا داشتند. صفات وزن خشک و تر اندام هوایی در هر دو شرایط دارای همبستگی مثبت و معنی دار با صفات ارتفاع اندام هوایی، طول ریشه، سطح برگ، وزن خشک و تر ریشه و با نسبت پتاسیم به سدیم اندام هوایی در شرایط تنش بودند و همچنین در شرایط تنش دارای همبستگی منفی و معنی دار با شاخص صدمه شوری و محتوای سدیم ریشه بودند. تجزیه همبستگی‌های متعارف در شرایط تنش شوری برای مجموعه صفات مرتبط با رشد گیاهچه ها در مقابل مجموعه صفات بیوشیمیایی به ایجاد یک متغیر غیر همبسته معنی‌دار انجامید. به‌منظور انتخاب بهترین ژنوتیپ‌ها با استفاده از تمام صفات مورد بررسی در شرایط تنش از شاخص انتخاب ژنوتیپ ایده‌آل (SIIG) استفاده شد. بر اساس شاخص SIIG، ژنوتیپ‌های Lee، Vernal، LYON، l504، Crawford و Douglas جزء ژنوتیپ‌های متحمل به شوری بودند.

نتیجه‌گیری: در تفکیک ژنوتیپ‌ها به دو دسته متحمل و حساس هر دو روش تجزیه همبستگی کانونیک و روش شاخص انتخاب ژنوتیپ مطلوب مشابهت فراوانی با هم داشتند. بجز صفت محتوای کلروفیل در بقیه صفات واکنش دو دسته ژنوتیپ‌های متحمل و حساس یکسان بود. نتایج نشان داد که ژنوتیپ های سویای متحمل به شوری دارای ارتفاع گیاهچه بلندتر، سطح برگ بیشتر و وزن تر اندام هوایی بیشتری بوده و از طرف دیگر اغلب دارای شاخص صدمه شوری کمتر و میزان سدیم در اندام هوایی کمتری می باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of relationships between some developmental and biochemical traits of soybean under salt stress by canonical correlation analysis and ideal genotype selection index at seedling stage

نویسنده [English]

  • Bahram Masoudi
Corresponding Author, Assistant Prof., Dept. of Seed and Plant Improvement Research, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction

Soybean, like other legumes, is in the group of plants sensitive to salinity, and considering that, like other crops, it faces a decrease in yield under salinity stress conditions, therefore, it is important to discover the mechanisms that control the response of soybean to salinity and to select cultivars that do not face a decrease in yield under salinity conditions, from the aspect of agricultural and economic productivity. This study aimed to determine the relationships between traits related to seedling growth and biochemical traits and identify soybean genotypes that are tolerant to salt stress.

Materials and methods

Two separate randomized complete block designs, one for the control treatment with zero salinity and the other for the salinity treatment with 150 mM sodium chloride, were used to evaluate 30 soybean genotypes under hydroponic culture under greenhouse conditions at the seed and plant improvement institute, Karaj, Iran, in 2016. In this study, the following traits related to seedling growth and biochemical traits were investigated: leaf area index, stem height, root length, fresh and dry weight of both shoots and roots, chlorophyll content, salt injury index, the amount of sodium and potassium in shoots and roots, the ratio of potassium to sodium in shoots and roots, and the transfer ratio of sodium and potassium from roots to shoots.

Results and discussion

AMMI variance analyses showed that genotype, environment (salinity treatments), and their interactions significantly affected soybean shoot weight changes. The results showed that the effect of the environment on the shoot fresh weight was high. The changes in traits under stress conditions with normal conditions showed that we observed a decrease in most traits, except for the salt injury index, amount of sodium and potassium in shoots, amount of sodium in roots, and the transfer ratio of sodium and potassium from roots to shoots. Fresh and dry weight of shoots in both conditions had a positive and significant correlation with shoot height, root length, leaf area, fresh and dry weight of roots, and potassium to sodium ratio of shoots under stress conditions, and they also had a significant negative correlation with salt injury index and root sodium content under stress conditions. Canonical correlation analysis under salt stress conditions for the set of traits related to seedling growth in contrast to the set of biochemical traits led to the creation of a significant non-correlated variable, the first pair of variables were called "shoots characteristics" and "amount of sodium accumulation in shoots and the salt injury index" respectively. To select the best genotypes using all the examined traits under stress conditions, the selection index of ideal genotypes was used. Based on the SIIG index, the genotypes Lee, Vernal, LYON, l504, Crawford, and Douglas, which had the highest SIIG value, were among the genotypes that were tolerant to salinity.

Conclusion

When separating genotypes into tolerant and sensitive categories, both the canonical correlation analysis and ideal genotype selection index methods were very similar. Based on these traits, the genotypes were divided into tolerant and sensitive groups. Except for the chlorophyll content trait, the reactions of the remaining traits in the tolerant and sensitive genotypes were the same. The results showed that soybean genotypes tolerant to salinity have higher seedling height, leaf area, and shoot weight; on the other hand, they often have a lower salinity injury index and lower sodium content in the shoot.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • soybean
  • salinity stress
  • hydroponics
  • canonical correlation analysis
  • selection index of ideal genotypes

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پژوهش‌های تولید گیاهی
دوره 32، شماره 1
فروردین 1404
صفحه 39-61

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