بررسی اثر سیلیکون و نانوسیلیکون بر رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی و شاخص‌های فلورسانس کلروفیل مرزه رشینگری (Satureja rechingeri Jamzad) تحت تنش خشکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران.

2 نویسنده مسئول، دانشیار گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران.

3 دانشیار گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، لرستان، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: خشکی یکی از مهم‌ترین عوامل محدود کننده تولیدات کشاورزی است که به طور جدی عملکرد محصول را تحت تاثیر قرار می‌دهد. کمبود آب در گیاهان منجر به اختلال در فرآیندهای فیزیولوژیکی مانند کاهش فتوسنتز می‌شود. سیلیکون دومین عنصر فراوان پوسته کره زمین است که در مقاومت گیاه به تنش‌های زیستی و غیرزیستی نقش دارد. بنابراین با توجه به اهمیت دارویی مرزه رشینگری (Satureja rechingeri Jamzad)، هدف از این پژوهش، بررسی اثر سیلیکون و نانوسیلیکون بر صفات طول و عرض برگ، رنگیزه‌ها و پارامترهای فلورسانس کلروفیل مرزه رشینگری تحت تنش خشکی می‌باشد.

روش پژوهش: این آزمایش بصورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملا تصادفی در سه تکرار در شرایط گلخانه انجام شد. فاکتورها شامل تنش خشکی در سه سطح تنش شدید، متوسط و عدم تنش به ترتیب ( 60-50 ، 80-70 و 100-90 درصد رطوبت خاک بر پایه ظرفیت زراعی) و محلول‌پاشی سیلیکون در پنج سطح (صفر، 50 و 100میلی‌گرم بر لیتر سیلیکون، 50 و 100میلی‌گرم بر لیتر نانوسیلیکون) بودند.

یافته‌ها: نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد؛ اثر متقابل سیلیکون و تنش خشکی بر عرض برگ، تمامی پارامترهای فلورسانس کلروفیل و غلظت رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی بجز کارتنوئید معنی‌دار بود (p<0.05). بیش‌ترین مقدار عرض برگ در تیمار عدم تنش با محلول پاشی 50 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر سیلیکون به‌دست آمد. بیش‌ترین محتوای کلروفیلa و کل در تیمار 50 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر نانوسیلیکون در عدم تنش و بیش‌ترین مقدار کلروفیل b با تیمار 50 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر نانوسیلیکون و 100 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر سیلیکون تحت عدم تنش حاصل شد. کم‌ترین مقدار فلورسانس حداقل (F0) متعلق به تیمار شاهد عدم تنش بود. بیش‌ترین فلورسانس حداکثر (Fm) و فلورسانس متغیر (Fv) در گیاهان تحت تنش متوسط بدون محلول‌پاشی تیمارهای سیلیکون مشاهده شد. تیمارهای 50 و 100 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر سیلیکون و 50 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر نانوسیلیکون تحت تیمار عدم تنش بعلاوه غلظت‌های صفر و 50 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر سیلیکون در تنش متوسط دارای بالاترین عملکرد کوانتومی فیتوسیستم II (Fv/Fm) بودند. با محلو‌پاشی 50 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر سیلیکون تحت عدم تنش بیش‌ترین کارایی سیستم تجزیه آب فتوسیستم II (Fv/F0) حاصل شد. بیش‌ترین میزان انتقال الکترون به ازای هر مرکز واکنش (ET0/RC) در تیمار 100 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر نانوسیلیکون در عدم تنش به‌دست آمد. بیشترین میزان گرفتن الکترون و اتلاف انرژی به ازای هر مرکز واکنش (TR0/RC)، (DI0/RC) تحت تنش شدید بدون محلول‌پاشی حاصل شد و بالاترین عملکرد کوانتومی انتقال الکترون (E0ɸ) در تیمارهای شاهد، 50 و 100 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر سیلیکون و 50 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر نانوسیلیکون تحت تنش متوسط مشاهده شد.

نتیجه‌گیری: تنش شدید خشکی باعث کاهش رنگیز‌ه‌های فتوسنتزی و شاخص‌های فلورسانس کلروفیل شد. کاربرد سیلیکون و نانوسیلیکون اثرات مخرب تنش خشکی بر میزان رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی و شاخص فلورسانس را بهبود بخشید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of the effect of silicon and nanosilicon on photosynthetic pigments and chlorophyll fluorescence indices of Satureja rechingeri Jamzad under drought stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • Elham Sabzian Molai 1
  • Khodayar Hemmati 2
  • Hasan Mumivand 3
1 Ph.D. Student of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
2 Corresponding Author, Associate Prof., Dept. of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
3 Associate Prof., Dept. of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Lorestan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Objective: Drought is one of the most important factors restricting agricultural production, which seriously affects crop yield. Water deficit in plants leads to disturbance in physiological processes such as reduction of photosynthesis. Silicon is the second most abundant element in the earth's crust, which plays a role in plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Therefore, according to the medicinal importance of Satureja rechingeri Jamzad, the objective of this experiment is to investigation the effect of silicon and nanosilicon on leaf length and width traits, photosynthetic pigments and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of Satureja rechingeri Jamzad under drought stress.
Material and Methods: this experiment was performed as factorial based on the randomized complete design in three replications under greenhouse conditions. The factors include drought stress in three levels of severe stress, medium stress and none stress respectively (50-60, 70-80 and 90-100% of soil moisture based on field capacity) and silicon foliar spraying in five levels (0, 50 and 100 mg/L of silicon, 50 and 100 mg/L of nanosilicon).
Results: The interaction effect of silicon and drought stress on leaf width, all chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and concentration of photosynthetic pigments except carotenoid was significant(p<0.05). The highest amount leaf width was obtained in the treatment of none stress with foliar spraying of 50 mg/l silicon. the highest contents of chl-a and total chlorophyll was obtained in the treatment of nanosilicon 50 mg/L under none stress and the highest amount of chlorophyll b was achieved with the treatment of nanosilicon 50 and silicon 100 mg/L under none stress treatment. The lowest amount of minimal fluorescence (F0) belonged to the control treatment and the highest amount of maximal fluorescence (Fm) and variable fluorescence (FV) was observed under medium stress without foliar. Silicon 50, 100 mg/L and nanosilicon 50 mg/L treatments in none stress in addition to zero and 50 mg/L silicon concentrations in medium stress had the highest maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm). The highest efficiency of water splitting system (Fv/F0) was observed in silicon 50 mg/L treatment under none stress. The highest electron transport flux per RC (ET0/RC) was obtained in the treatment of 100 mg/L nanosilicon in none stress. The highest trapped energy flux per RC (TR0/RC) and dissipated energy flux per RC (DI0/RC) were obtained under severe stress without foliar spraying. The highest quantum yield of electron transport (ɸE0) was observed in control, silicon 50 and 100 mg/L and nanosilicon 50 mg/L treatments under medium stress.
Conclusion: Severe drought stress caused a decrease in photosynthetic pigments and chlorophyll fluorescence indices, and the application of silicon and nanosilicon improved the destructive effects of drought stress on the amount of photosynthetic pigments and fluorescence indices.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Silisiun
  • silisium nanodioxide
  • irrigation regimes
  • photosystem II

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پژوهش‌های تولید گیاهی
دوره 32، شماره 1
فروردین 1404
صفحه 17-38

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