تاثیر تلقیح باکتریایی بر عناصر دانه و خاک کتان روغنی (Linum usitatissimum L.) تحت سطوح مختلف آبیاری

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت-دانشکده کشورزی-دانشگاه شهرکرد-شهرکرد-ایران

2 گروه مهندسی زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد

چکیده

چکیده
سابقه و هدف: کتان روغنی گیاهی است که از روغن آن در صنایع مختلف استفاده می‌گردد. دانه‌های کتان دارای ترکیبات و اجزای فعال زیستی می‌باشند که سبب کاهش تشکیل کلون‌های سرطانی می‌گردند. خشکی یکی از عوامل کاهنده تولید محصول در بسیاری از نقاط دنیا می‌باشد. امروزه از تکنیک‌های فراوانی جهت افزایش تحمل گیاهان به خشکی استفاده می‌شود. یکی از این روش‌ها پیش‌تیمار بذور با باکتری‌های محرک رشد گیاه است. این باکتری‌ها از طریق مکانیسم‌هایی از جمله انحلال فسفات و پتاسیم، تثبیت نیتروژن، تولید سیدروفور و تنظیم کننده‌های رشد، تولید آنزیم‌های هیدرولیتیک و اگزو پلی‌ساکاریدها سبب افزایش تحمل و همچنین تولید گیاهان تحت شرایط تنش‌زا می‌گردند. از آنجا که تنش کم‌آبی یکی از موانع اصلی کاهش تولید در ایران محسوب می‌شود و از سویی دیگر استفاده از کودهای شیمیایی سبب آلودگی‌های زیست‌محیطی فراوانی می‌گردد، تحقیق فوق با هدف کاربرد و بررسی تاثیر کودهای بیولوژیک تحت کاربرد باکتری‌های محرک رشد بر تولید گیاه دانه روغنی کتان تحت تنش کمبود آب اجرا گردید.

مواد و روش‌ها: آزمایش به صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال 1394 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه شهرکرد اجرا شد. فاکتورهای آزمایشی شامل آبیاری در سه سطح (آبیاری کامل، 75 و 50 درصد آبیاری کامل) و باکتری‌های محرک رشد در 7 سطح (عدم تلقیح باکتریایی، تلقیح با‌Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ، Bacillus sp strain1 ، Bacillus sp strain2، Azotobacter chroococcum، Pseudomonas putida و Azospirillium lipoferum) بودند. اعمال تنش‌ها از زمان شروع رشد طولی ساقه شروع شد. در مرحله رسیدگی عملکرد دانه و میزان عناصر فسفر، آهن و روی در بذر اندازه‌گیری شد. پس از برداشت محصول هدایت الکتریکی و اسیدیته خاک و میزان عناصر فسفر، آهن و روی در خاک نیز اندازه‌گیری گردید. تجزیه واریانس نتایج و همبستگی بین صفات با استفاده از نرم‌افزارSAS ، مقایسه میانگین‌ها به روش LSD و مقایسه میانگین‌ برهمکنش‌ها از روش برش‌دهی اثرات متقابل انجام شد.

یافته‌ها: طبق نتایج حاصل برهمکنش آبیاری و تلقیح باکتریایی بر عملکرد دانه، درصد فسفر و غلظت آهن و روی در دانه و هدایت الکتریکی خاک معنی‌دار بود. تیمارهای باکتریایی در هر سه سطح آبیاری از بیشترین میزان عملکرد دانه، درصد فسفر دانه، غلظت آهن و روی در دانه و هدایت الکتریکی خاک برخوردار بودند در صورتیکه تیمارهای شاهد کمترین مقادیر را نشان دادند. در بررسی اثرات اصلی تنش بر میزان عناصر در خاک، با افزایش خشکی میزان عناصر موجود در خاک از روند افزایشی برخوردار بودند. تیمارهای باکتریایی نیز عناصر کمتری نسبت به تیمارهای شاهد داشتند. در بین تیمارهای باکتریایی، تیمارهای Bacillus sp strain1 ، ‌Bacillus amyloliquefaciens و Azotobacter chroococcum، تاثیر بیشتری بر افزایش عملکرد و عناصر دانه داشند. همبستگی منفی ولی معنی‌داری بین درصد فسفر و غلظت آهن و منگنز در دانه با غلظت عناصر فسفر، آهن و روی در خاک مشاهده شد.

نتیجه‌گیری: استفاده از باکتری‌های محرک رشد گیاه با افزایش جذب عناصر غذایی از خاک می‌توانند در افزایش عملکرد دانه موثر باشند. در واقع باکتری‌های محرک رشد با جذب عناصر خاک و کمک به جذب آن توسط گیاه ممکن است سبب کاهش میزان عناصر در خاک شده و در نهایت در افزایش عملکرد موثر باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of bacterial inoculation on grain and soil nutrient elements of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) under different irrigation levels

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sanaz Rajabi Khamseh 1
  • Abdolrazagh Danesh Shahraki 2
1 Agronomy- faculty of agriculture- shahrekord university- shahrekord-Iran
2 Agronomy-agricultural faculty- shahrekord university
چکیده [English]

Abstract

Background and objectives: Oil of linseed are used in various industries. linseed seeds contain bioactive components which reduce formation of cancerous colonies. Drought is one of the factors that reduces the crop production in most part of the world. These days several techniques are used in order to increasing plants tolerance to drought. One of these methods is seed pretreatment with plant growth promoting bacteria. These bacteria through mechanisms such as phosphate and potassium dissolution, nitrogen fixation, production of siderophore and growth regulators, production of hydrolytic enzymes and exopolysacharides increase tolerance and yield of crops under stressful conditions. Since water deficit is one of the main limiting factor of production in Iran and the use of chemical fertilizers caused much environmental pollution, so this study was conducted to investigate the effect of bio fertilizers as plant growth promoting bacteria on linseed under water deficit condition.

Material and methods: This study was carried out in split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications in 2015 at the research farm of Shahrekord university. Factors were irrigation in three levels (full irrigation, 75 and 50 percentage of full irrigation) and bacteria in seven levels (control, Bacillus sp strain1, Bacillus sp strain2, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Azotobacter Chroococcum, Pseudomonas putida and Azospirillium lipoferum). Applying of stress began from stem elongation. In ripening stage, grain yield and amount of P, Fe and Zn nutrients in grain were measured. After crop harvesting EC, pH, P, Fe and Zn of soil also were measured. Analysis of variance and correlation between traits used by SAS software, means comparison by LSD and interaction were carried out by slicing.

Results: Interaction of irrigation and bacterial inoculation on grain yield, P percentage and concentrations of Fe and Zn in grain and soil EC were significant. Bacterial treatments in three irrigation levels showed the highest grain yield, P percentage in grain, concentrations of Fe and Zn in grain and soil EC while control treatments showed the lowest amount. Amount of nutrients in soil increased by increasing stress levels. Also, bacterial treatments had the lowest nutrients of soil in comparison with control treatment. Among bacterial treatments Bacillus sp strain1, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Azotobacter Chroococcum were more effective while Azospirillium lipoferum was not. Significant negative correlation between P percentage in grain and concentrations of Fe and Zn in grain with concentrations of P, Fe and Zn in soil was observed.

Conclusion: The use of plant growth promoting bacteria by increasing nutrients absorption from soil can increase grain yield. In fact, growth promoting bacteria by absorbing soil nutrients and contributing their absorption by plant may reduce the amount of soil nutrients.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Microorganisms
  • Nutrient Elements
  • Oil
  • PGPR
  • Production
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