ارزیابی مقاومت به تنش کم آبی در گل ماهور (Verbascum thapsus) و معرفی آن به عنوان یک گیاه زینتی در فضای سبز شهری

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 علوم باغبانی،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم تحقیقات

2 دانشگاه ازاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تخقیقات

3 علوم باغبانی و زراعی ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران

4 مربی پژوهشی ،موسسه آب و خاک

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: با توجه به کمبود آب در مناطق مختلف ایران معرفی و استفاده از گونه‌های بومی با ویژگی های ارزشمند زینتی مانند گل ماهور از اهمیت زیادی برخوردار است.گل ماهور (Verbascum thapsus) گیاهی چندساله و همیشه سبز متعلق به خانواده گل میمون است که مانند سایر گیاهان زینتی می‌تواند تحت تاثیر تنش خشکی در فضای سبز قرار گیرد. خشکی یکی از تنش‌های محیطی بوده که روی اکثر مراحل رشد، ساختار و فعالیت‌های گیاهی آثار مخرب و زیان‌آوری وارد می‌سازد. پاسخ گیاهان به تنش‌های محیطی در سطوح مورفولوژی، سلولی و مولکولی متفاوت است. بنابراین تحقیق حاضر به‌منظور بررسی تاثیر تنش خشکی در بر خصوصیات موفولوژیکی، فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی گل ماهور طی دو مرحله رشد رویشی و زایشی انجام شد.
مواد و روش‌ها: در این تحقیق واکنش گل ماهور به شدت تنش و تاثیر آن بر مراحل رشد رویشی و زایشی گیاه مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. آزمایش حاضر به صورت فاکتوریل با دو فاکتور تنش خشکی در 5 سطح دور آبیاری بر اساس تخلیه رطوبت خاک در مکش-های مختلف (شاهد (3/0)، 2، 5، 10 و 15 اتمسفر) و مراحل رشد گیاه در دو سطح (رویشی و زایشی) در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی در شرایط گلدانی انجام شد. برای این منظور، صفات وزن تر شاخساره و ریشه، وضعیت سوختگی و پژمردگی گیاه، کلروفیل برگ، فعالیت آنزیم‌ها آنتی‌اکسیدانی و پرولین اندازه‌گیری شد.
یافته‌ها: بیشترین و کمترین دور آبیاری در دو مرحله رویشی و زایشی به ترتیب در تیمارهای 15 اتمسفر و شاهد مشاهده شد. همچنین مقدار آب مصرفی در دوره زایشی بیشتر از دوره رویشی بود. وزن تر شاخساره و ریشه در دوره زایشی بیشتر از رویشی بدست آمد. بیشترین وزن تر شاخساره تحت تنش خشکی در تیمار شاهد و 2 اتمسفر و کمترین مقدار در تیمار 15 اتمسفر گزارش شد، اما بیشترین وزن تر ریشه در تیمار 5 اتمسفر مشاهده شد. بیشترین درصد سوختگی و پژمردگی برگ در تیمار 15 اتمسفر×مرحله زایشی و کمترین مقدار آن در تیمارهای شاهد×مرحله رویشی و شاهد×مرحله زایشی مشاهده شد. کلروفیل کل در دوره زایشی بیشتر از دوره رویشی بدست آمد. همچنین بیشترین کلروفیل کل تحت تنش خشکی در تیمارهای شاهد و 2 اتمسفر و کمترین مقدار آن در 15 اتمسفر مشاهده شد. بیشترین فعالیت آنزیم سوپر اکسید دیسموتاز و کاتالاز در تیمار 15 اتمسفر×مرحله زایشی و کمترین مقدار آن در تیمار شاهد×مرحله رویشی مشاهده شد. پرولین در دوره زایشی بیشتر از دوره رویشی بود. بیشترین و کمترین مقدار این صفت تحت تنش خشکی به ترتیب در تیمار 15 اتمسفر و شاهد مشاهده شد.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج کلی تحقیق نشان داد که اعمال تنش تا 5 اتمسفر سبب تغییرات معنی‌داری در صفات مورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی نمی‌شود، اما افزایش شدت تنش در 5 اتمسفر به 10 اتمسفر سبب تغییرات منفی در اکثر صفات در گیاه می‌شود. بنابرابن با اعمال برنامه مدیریتی در مصرف آب می‌توان مقدار آب را از 570 سانتی‌متر مکعب (شاهد) به 130 متر سانتی‌متر مکعب (5 اتمسفر) در طی دوره رویشی و همچنن از 500 تا 140 سانتی‌متر مکعب در طی دوره زایشی کاهش داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of drought stress on morphophysiological characteristics of Verbascum thapsus during plant growth stages

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zeinab mohammadi 1
  • Pejman Azadi 2
  • marzieh Ghanbari Jahromi 3
  • Saeed Ghalebi 4
1 Dept. of Horticulture, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research branch, Iran
2 Islamic Azad UNiversity, Science and research branch
3 Horticulture and Agronomy sciences, Science and Research branch of Tehra, Iran
4 Faculty of Soil and Water Institute of Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and purposes: Due to the lack of water in different regions of Iran, the introduction and use of indigenous species with valuable ornamental features such as mullein (Verbascum thapsus) is very important. V. thapsus is a perennial and evergreen herb belonging to the Scrophulariaceae family, which like other ornamental plants, can be affected by drought stress in the green space. Drought is an environmental stress that induces adverse effects on most stages of growth, structure and activities of plants. The response of plants to environmental stresses is different in morphological, cellular and molecular levels. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of drought stress on morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of V. thapsus during two stages of vegetative and reproductive growth.
Materials and Methods: In the present study, the reaction of V. thapsus to drought stress and its effect on vegetative and reproductive stages were investigated. The experiment was carried out as factorial in a completely randomized design with two factors as drought stress in 5 levels (control (0.3), 2, 5, 10 and 15 bar) and plant growth stages at two levels (vegetative and reproductive). For this purpose, shoot and root fresh weight, burn and wilt condition, leaf chlorophyll, activity of antioxidant enzymes and proline were measured.
Results: The highest and lowest irrigation interval in both vegetative and reproductive stages was respectively found in 15 bar and control. The water volume used in vegetative stage was higher than reproductive stage. Shoot and root fresh weight in was reproductive stage was more than vegetative stage. The highest fresh weight of shoots was reported under drought stress in control and 2 bar and the lowest amount was observed in 15 bar, but the highest root fresh weight was observed in 5 bar. The highest percentage of leaf burns and wilt was observed in treatment of 15 bar × reproductive stage and its lowest in the treatments of control × vegetative stage and control × reproductive stage. Total chlorophyll in reproductive stage was more than vegetative stage. Also, the highest total chlorophyll was observed under drought stress in control and 2 bar and the lowest was found in 15 bar. The highest activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase was observed in 15 bar × reproductive stage and its lowest value was recorded in control × vegetative stage. Proline in reproductive stage was greater than the vegetative stage. The highest and lowest amount of peoline was observed in 15 bar and control, respectively.
Conclusion: The results of the research showed that the drought stress up to 5 bar did not cause significant changes in the plant, but increasing the intensity of drought stress from 5 bar to 10 bar induces the significant change of most traits in the plant. Therefore, with applying an appropriate plan, we can reduce the water use from 570 m3 (control) to 130 m3 (5 bar) during the vegetative stage and 500 m3 to 140 m3 for reproductive stage.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Verbascum thapsus
  • Growth stages
  • Drought stress
  • Antioxidant enzymes
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