ارزیابی ناسازگاری و برخی از تنظیم کنندههای رشد گیاهی بر کمیت و کیفیت میوه زالزالک قرمز (Crataegus monogyna Jacq.)

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران

2 دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، ایران

3 دانشجوی دکتری گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: یکی از درختان میوه معتدله که امکان پرورش آن در ایران وجود دارد، زالزالک معمولی با نام علمی Crataegus monogyna Jacq. می‌باشد. به‌طور کلی گونه‌های زالزالک در مناطق معتدله نیمکره شمالی پراکنده هستند. جنس زالزالک در اکثر نقاط ایران نیز پراکندگی دارد. بیشترین پراکنش آن در شمال، شمال شرق، شمال غرب و غرب است. این جنس در ایران دارای 27 گونه و هیبرید است. زالزالک به عنوان گیاهی مقاوم به آلودگی هوا، سازگار با انواع خاک‌ها، گیاه زینتی با ارزشی به‌شمار می‌رود. در کشور‌های اروپایی این گیاه به میزان زیادی در پرچین سازی مورد استفاده قرار می‌گیرد. میوه این گیاه دارای ارزش دارویی و خوراکی بوده و به اشکال مختلف مانند تازه‌خوری، آب میوه، مربا، ژله و به عنوان طعم دهنده غذا‌ها مورد استفاده قرار می‌گیرد. اندازه کوچک و عدم یکنواختی میوههای زالزالک(Crataequs monogyna) ، محدودیتهایی برای تولید و فرآوری محصول ایجاد میکند. یکی از دلایل این محدودیت تولید گلهای فراوان و تبدیل درصد بالایی از آنها به میوه است. این آزمایش برای آگاهی از میزان سازگاری و یا ناسازگاری درخت زالزالک و همچنین تاثیر تنظیم کنندههای رشد مختلف روی میزان میوه دهی و کیفیت میوه آن انجام شد.
مواد و روش‌ها: در این پژوهش ناسازگاری احتمالی و اثر برخی تنظیمکنندههای رشد گیاهی روی خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی میوه زالزالک مورد برسی قرار گرفت. این پژوهش بصورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با عوامل گرده افشانی در دو سطح (خود گردهافشان و آزاد گردهافشان) و تنظیم کنندههای رشد جیبرلیک اسید (75 و 150 ppm)، نفتالین استیک اسید (10 و 20 ppm) و اتفون (75 و 150 ppm) در سه تکرار به اجرا در آمد. شاخصهای درصد تشکیل میوه (3، 7، 10 و 17 هفته پس از تمام گل) وزن دانه، گوشت و میوه، نسبت وزن گوشت به بذر، وزن خشک و درصد آب گوشت، TSS، TA، TSS/TA و تعداد سلول در هر میدان دید میکروسکوپ براورد گردید.
یافته ها: نوع گرده افشانی (خود و آزاد گرده افشان) و همچنین محلول پاشی تنظیم کنندههای رشد گیاهی بر درصد تشکیل میوه زالزالک، وزن میوه، وزن دانه و نسبت گوشت به دانه موثر بود در حالی که تیمارهای انجام شده در وزن گوشت و درصد آب میوه تاثیر معنیداری نداشت. براساس نتایج بهدست آمده خصوصیات کیفی میوه زالزالک (مواد جامد محلول، اسید کل و نسبت مواد جامد محلول به اسید کل) تحت تاثیر تنظیم کنندههای رشد گیاهی مورد استفاده در این آزمایش (GA، NAAو ETHE) قرار گرفتند همچنین تعداد سلولها تحت تاثیر تیمارها قرار گرفت بهطوری که اتفون در غلظتهای 75 و 150 ppm بیشترین تاثیر را بر تعداد سلول در درختان آزاد گرده افشان و خود گردهافشان داشت.
نتیجه گیری: نتایج نشان داد که زالزالک استفاده شده در این آزمایش دارای ناسازگاری است و برای تشکیل میوه بهتر نیاز به گرده افشانی آزاد (استفاده از گرده افشان) دارد. همچنین استفاده از تنظیم کننده های رشد گیاهی بر درصد تشکیل میوه و اندازه میوه موثر بودند. بیشترین درصد تشکیل میوه با محلول پاشی جیبرلین حاصل شد و بزرگترین میوه ها حاصل از محلول پاشی با اتفن بود.
واژههای کلیدی: اتفون، جیبرلین، زالزالک، گرده افشانی، نفتالین استیک اسید

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Incompatibility and Traits of some Plant Growth Regulators on the Quality and Quantity of Red Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna Jacq.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • abdorahmman mohammadkhani 1
  • Mansoreh Yosefi 2
  • Masoud Fattahi 3
1 Associate Prof., Dept. of Horticultural Science, University of Shahrekord, Shahrekord, Iran,
2 M.Sc. Graduate, Dept. of Horticultural Science, University of Shahrekord, Shahrekord, Iran
3 Ph.D. Student, Dept. of Horticultural Science, University of Shahrekord, Shahrekord, Iran
چکیده [English]

Evaluation of Incompatibility and Effect Traits of some Plant Growth Regulators on the Quality and Quantity of Red Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna Jacq.)
Background and objectives: One of the cultivable fruit trees that can be cultivated in Iran, It is a typical Hawthorn with the scientific name Crataegus monogyna Jacq. Generally, hawthorn species are scattered in temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. The genus of hawthorn is also distributed in most parts of Iran. Its largest distribution is in the north, northeast, northwest and west. This genus in Iran has 27 species and hybrids. Hawthorn as a plant resistant to air pollution, it is compatible with a variety of soils and ornamental plants. In Europe this plant are widely used in fence building. The fruit of this plant has medicinal and edible value and is used in various forms such as refreshment, juice, jams, jelly and as a flavoring of food. Small size and lack of uniformity of hawthorn fruits set limits on the production and processing of the product. One reason of these restrictions is producing abundant flowers and converting a high percentage of them to fruit. This experiment was conducted to determine the level of compatibility or incompatibility of the hawthorn tree, as well as the effect of different growth regulators on the fruit content and fruit quality.
Materials and methods: In this study, the possible incompatibility and effect of some plant growth regulators on the physical and chemical properties of hawthorn fruit were investigated. This study is a randomized factorial design with two levels of pollination (self-pollinated and open-pollinated) and growth regulators gibberellic acid (75 and 150 ppm), NAA (10 and 20 ppm) and ethephon (75, 150 ppm) in three replications. Indices of fruit set percent (3, 7, 10 and 17 weeks after full bloom), seed weight, flesh and fruit, flesh to seed ratio, dry weight and fruit juice percent, TSS, TA, TSS / TA and the number of cells per microscopic field of vision were investigated.
Results: Effect of pollination (self and open pollination) and foliar application of plant growth regulators on the percentage of hawthorn fruit set, fruit weight, seed weight and pulp to seed ratio was significant while treatments do not significantly affect the weight of the meat and juice percent. According to the results, qualitative specifications of hawthorn fruit (soluble solids, total acid and ratio of total soluble solids to total acid) were affected by plant growth regulators used in this experiment (GA, NAA and ETHE). So that the number of cells were affected by treatment such that ethephon has greatest impact on the number of cells in open-pollinated and self-pollinated trees in concentrations of 75 and 150 ppm.
Conclusion: The results showed that the hawthorn used in this experiment was incompatible and for better fruit set requirement to free pollination (use of pollinators). Also, use of plant growth regulators on the percentage of fruit set and fruit size was effective. The highest percentage of fruit set was obtained by Gibberellin spray and the largest fruits were obtained by spraying with ethephon.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Ethephon
  • Hawthorn
  • GA
  • NAA
  • Pollination

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پژوهش‌های تولید گیاهی
دوره 27، شماره 1
اردیبهشت 1399
صفحه 57-73

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