Evaluation of Seed and Oil Production of Sesame Cultivars Affected by Row Spacing and Plant Density

Document Type : scientific research article

Authors

1 Associate Prof. of Horticulture-Crops Research Department, Sistan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Zabol, Iran

2 Assistants Prof. of Horticulture-Crops Research Department, Sistan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Zabol, Iran,

3 Expert, Horticulture-Crops Research Department Sistan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Zabol, Iran

Abstract

Yield of crops such as sesame is affected by environmental conditions, genetic characteristics and field management. Increasing plant density is one way to improve crop yield per unit area and determining the best planting arrangement for optimal use of resources, climatic conditions and genetic capacity of cultivars is essential. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to investigate the planting pattern on sesame varieties yield by changing the distance between row and plant density.
The experiment was carried out as a factorial split plot as based randomized complete block design with three replications in two spring in 2015-16 at Zakak Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Station, Sistan and Baluchestan province. Row intervals at three levels including 30.40 and 50 cm were considered as main factors and plant density (20, 30 and 40 plants per m2) and genotype (Darab 1, Shovine in and Sistan local) as sub-factors. In this study, yield characteristics and components of grain yield, phenological characteristics, oil percentage and yield were investigated. Statistical analysis was performed using MSTAT-c software and the means were compared at 5% level using Duncan's multiple range test. Excel software was used to draw charts.

The results of combined analysis of variance showed that the effect of year on grain yield, day to flowering and day to physiological maturity was significant. The effect of row and cultivar distance on yield components and grain yield showed significant differences. The effect of plant density except number of seeds per capsule on yield and yield components was significant. Triple interaction effects of studied factors on grain yield were significant. The highest grain yield was obtained in the first year with an average of 937 kg / ha. Among the row intervals, the highest grain yield belonged to the 40 cm row spacing with an average of 898 kg / ha, which was 27% and 14% higher than the 30 and 50 cm row spacing, respectively. Among the plant densities, the highest grain yield belonged to 30 plants / m 2 with an average of 809 kg / ha, which was 7.8% and 5%, respectively. Among the studied cultivars, Darab 1 had the highest yield of 902 kg / ha with 23 and 19%, respectively. Local cultivar and Darab 1 had the highest oil content and oil yield among cultivars. The interaction of triple row spacing × plant density × cultivar showed the highest grain yield with average of 1149 kg.ha-1 at 40 cm row spacing and 30 plant density for Darab 1 cultivar.
Based on the results of this experiment, it can be concluded that in order to achieve maximum grain and oil yield in sesame for multiple branch cultivars such as Darab 1 and local Sistan cultivar, observing 40 cm row spacing and 30 plants per m2 and for single branched cultivars such as Shovine observing 40 cm row spacing and 40 plants per m2 are recommended in Sistan region conditions

Keywords

References

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Journal of Plant Production Research
Volume 27, Issue 3
December 2020
Pages 163-177

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