اثر پیش‌تیمار بذر و محلول‌پاشی اسید سالیسیلیک بر برخی خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی و عملکرد دانه ماش (Vigna radiata L.) در شرایط تنش خشکی

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام

2 استادیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام

3 عضو هئیت علمی

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: ماش گیاهی از خانواده حبوبات و تابستانه بوده که در تناوب با غلاتی مانند گندم کشت می‌گردد. دوره رشد این گیاه 75-90 روز بوده و با نیاز آبی کم، قابلیت بالایی برای رشد در شرایط خشک و نیمه خشک دارد. تنش‌های غیر زیستی همانند تنش خشکی، از عوامل کاهنده رشد و عملکرد محصولات زراعی شناخته می‌شوند که با توجه به تغییرات اقلیمی تولید پایدار را به مخاطره می‌اندازد. تنش خشکی با از بین بردن رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی و اختلال در تبادل گازی، فتوسنتز گیاه را مختل کرده و رشد و تولید در گیاهان را به شدت پایین می‌آورد. اسید سالیسیلیک یک هورمون طبیعی در گیاهان می‌باشد و اثرات مختلفی بر فعالیت بیوشیمیایی و فیزیولوژیکی گیاهان داشته و بعنوان یک پیام‌رسان در افزایش مقاومت گیاهان در برابر تنش‌های غیرزیستی بویژه تنش خشکی عمل می‌نماید. کاربرد اسید سالیسیلیک در شرایط تنش خشکی می‌تواند منجر به افزایش فتوسنتز و رشد گیاهان گردد. هدف از انجام این پژوهش بررسی اثر کاربرد سالیسیلیک اسید (به دو روش پیش تیمار و محلول پاشی) بر رشد و عملکرد دو رقم ماش در شرایط تنش خشکی می‌باشد.
مواد و روش‌ها: به منظور بررسی اثر اسید سالیسیلیک بر عملکرد و خصوصیات فیزیولوژیک دو رقم ماش در شرایط تنش خشکی، در سال 1396 آزمایشی به صورت کرت‌های دو بار خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در مزرعه آزمایشی جهاد کشاورزی کارزان استان ایلام انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل دو سطح آبیاری (آبیاری بعد از 60 و 110 میلی‌متر تبخیر از تشتک تبخیر) به‌عنوان کرت اصلی، دو رقم گوهر و مهر بعنوان کرت فرعی اول و سه سطح کاربرد اسید سالیسیلیک (شاهد، پیش تیمار بذر و محلول پاشی) بعنوان کرت فرعی دوم بود.
یافته‌ها: نتایج تجزیه واریانس داده ها نشان داد که بر همکنش رقم، تنش خشکی و کاربرد اسید سالیسیلیک بر خصوصیات عملکرد دانه، عملکرد زیستی، تعداد غلاف در بوته و تعداد دانه در بوته معنی‌دار بود. بالاترین میزان عملکرد دانه ( 1894 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و بالاترین عملکرد وزن خشک توده ( 4997 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در رقم گوهر در شرایط بدون تنش و محلول‌پاشی اسید سالیسیلیک بدست آمد. همچنین کاربرد اسید سالیسیلیک در شرایط تنش خشکی باعث افزایش محتوای کلروفیلa، کلروفیلb و کارتنوئید شد. بیشترین (96%) و کمترین (71%) میزان رطوبت نسبی به ترتیب در تیمار بدون تنش با محلول‌پاشی اسید سالیسیلیک و تیمار تنش خشکی بدون اسید سالیسیلیک مشاهده شد.
نتیجه‌گیری: کاربرد اسید سالیسیلیک باعث افزایش محتوای رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی، کارتنوئید و رطوبت نسبی گیاه شد و در نهایت افزایش عملکرد در گیاه ماش را بدنبال داشت. عملکرد رقم گوهر در شرایط تنش خشکی و عدم تنش خشکی با کاربرد اسید سالیسیلیک بهبود یافت، ولی اختلاف بین تیمار شاهد و کاربرد اسید سالیسیلیک تحت شرایط تنش، بیشتر بود. در رقم مهر نیز کاربرد اسید سالیسیلیک در شرایط تنش خشکی باعث بهبود 70 درصدی عملکرد نسبت به تیمار عدم کاربرد سالیسیلیک گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of seed priming and foliar application of salicylic acid on some of physiological characteristic and yield on mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) under drought stress condition

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hujjatullah heidari 1
  • Yaser Alizadeh 2
  • arash fazeli 3
1 MSc student of agronomy and plant breeding repartment, faculty of Agriculture, University of Ilam
2 Assistant Prof. in Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
3
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: Mung bean is a warm seasonal annual legume, grown mostly as a rotational crop with cereals like wheat. The crop’s main advantages are that, as a legume and that it has a short growth cycle (75-90 days), requires little water and fits easily into crop rotations with cereals. It grows well under most adverse arid and semiarid conditions. Plants in nature are continuously exposed to several biotic and abiotic stresses. Among these stresses, drought stress is one of the most adverse factors of plant growth and productivity and considered a severe threat for sustainable crop production in the conditions on changing climate. Drought stress disrupts photosynthetic pigments and reduces the gas exchange leading to a reduction in plant growth and productivity. Salicylic acid (SA) is a naturally occurring plant hormone, influences various physiological and biochemical functions in plants. It can act as an important signaling molecule and has diverse effects on tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Salicylic acid plays a key role in providing tolerance to the plants, exposed to water stress. The exogenous SA application also enhanced the growth and photosynthetic rate in crops under water stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of salicylic acid (include two method of seed priming and foliar application) on two cultivars of mung bean, under drought stress.
Material and method: In order to study the effect of exogenous application of salicylic acid on yield an physiological characteristic of two mung bean cultivars under drought stress an experiment was conducted as a split- split plots based on randomized complete block design with three replications in agricultural research farm of karezan of Ilam province in 2017. Treatments were 2 levels of irrigations (irrigation after 60 and 110mm evaporation from the evaporation pan) as main plots and 2 mung bean cultivars (Gohar and Mehr) as first sub plots and 3 levels of salicylic application (control, seed priming and foliar application) as second sub plots. Salicylic acid was sprayed in two steps: 1- Two weeks after emergence and five days before applying the stress, 2- Early flowering stage. Physiological characteristic were measured at flowering stage. Yield and yield components measured for each treatment separately in the physiological maturity time.
Results: Analyze of variance showed that the effect of interaction of cultivar, drought stress and salicylic application on the grain yield, biological yield, number of pod in plant and number of seed in plant were significant. The highest value of grain yield (1894 kg.ha-1) and biological yield (4997 kg.ha-1) were obtained in Gohar cultivar under without stress and foliar application of salisylic acid. Also, the application of salicylic acid, especially in drought stress conditions, increased the content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid. The highest (96%) and lowest (71%) relative water content were observed in non-stress treatment with salicylic acid application and stress treatment without salicylic acid, respectively.
Conclusion: Exogenous application of salicylic acid improved the drought tolerance of mung bean by enhancing photosynthetic pigments, carotenoid and relative water content which ultimately increased the yield of mung bean. Under drought stress and non-stress conditions, the yield of Gouhar cultivar was higher than that of Mehr cultivar. But the difference between control treatment and application of salicylic acid treatment was higher, under drought stress condition. Application of salicylic acid was raised 70 percent of Mehr cultivar yield under drought stress condition

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Water stress
  • Salicylic acid
  • mung plant

مراجع

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پژوهش‌های تولید گیاهی
دوره 26، شماره 2
شهریور 1398
صفحه 127-141

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