اثر پرایمینگ دمایی بر خصوصیات جوانه زنی، زراعی و روغن دانه ارقام گلرنگ (Carthamus tinctorius)

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

2 گروه علوم کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: گلرنگ (Carthamus tinctorius) یکی از گیاهان دانه روغنی مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک می‌باشد که مرحله جوانه‌ زنی و غوزه‌دهی از حساس‌ترین مراحل رشدی گیاه گلرنگ محسوب می‌شود. بنابراین هدف از انجام مطالعه حاضر بررسی تاثیر پرایمینگ دمایی بر خصوصیات جوانه زنی بذر گلرنگ در آزمایشگاه و سپس ارزیابی تاثیر این نوع پرایمینگ بر برخی صفات زراعی، عملکرد و درصد روغن دانه ژنوتیپ های گلرنگ در مزرعه بود.
مواد و روش ها: در مرحله اول و در شرایط آزمایشگاه، اثر پرایمینگ دما شامل اعمال دماهای 40، 60 و 80 درجه سانتی گراد در 3 زمان شامل 6، 10 و 20 ساعت در قالب آزمایش فاکتوریل بر بذر ژنوتیپ‌های گلرنگ شامل 10 ژنوتیپ اعمال شد و صفات درصد جوانه زنی و سرعت جوانه زنی بذر اندازه گیری شد. در ادامه بر اساس نتایج مرحله اول، آزمایش فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در شرایط مزرعه اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایش مزرعه ای شامل کشت بذر ژنوتیپ های گلرنگ پرایم شده در دمای 60 درجه سانتیگراد (به همراه بذر پرایم نشده به عنوان شاهد) در دو زمان 6 و 10 ساعت بود و در طی و پایان آزمایش، روز تا 50 درصد سبز شدن، روز تا رسیدگی کامل، تعداد غوزه در بوته، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد دانه در بوته و درصد روغن دانه اندازه گیری شد.
یافته ها: نتایج مرحله اول نشان داد که تیمار پیش از کشت بذر با ترموپرایمینگ تاثیر معنی داری بر درصد و سرعت جوانه زنی داشت.
بیشترین درصد و سرعت جوانه زنی در سطوح دمایی 40 و 60 درجه سانتیگراد در مدت زمان کوتاه پرایمینگ (6 و 10 ساعت) به دست آمد. در شرایط مزرعه مطابق با نتایج حاصل از مرحله اول، پیش تیمار بذر با دمای 60 درجه سانتیگراد منجر به کاهش روز تا 50 درصد سبز شدن بذر ژنوتیپ‌های پرایم شده در مقایسه با ژنوتیپ‌های شاهد شد. از سوی دیگر پرایمینگ دمایی منجر به افزایش روز تا رسیدگی کامل، عملکرد دانه در بوته و درصد روغن گردید؛ اما تعداد دانه در غوزه تحت تاثیر پرایمینگ دمایی قرار نگرفت.
نتیجه گیری: به طور کلی نتایج بیانگر آن است که پیش تیمار بذر با پرایمینگ دمایی (دماهای متوسط) منجر به ظهور و استقرار سریع تر گیاهچه های گلرنگ در آزمایشگاه و مزرعه گردید. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که پیش تیمار دمایی بذر گلرنگ در 60 درجه سانتیگراد نه تنها بر عملکرد دانه و درصد روغن تاثیر منفی نداشته بلکه منجر به افزایش معنی دار صفات ذکر شده ژنوتیپ‌های پرایم شده در مقایسه با ژنوتیپ‌های پرایم نشده گردید. نکته قابل توجه این است که احتمالاً کشت بهاره بذر پرایم شده گلرنگ در مقایسه با بذر پرایم نشده می‌ تواند به بهبود و افزایش عملکرد دانه و عملکرد روغن منجر گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of thermo-priming on germination, agronomic characteristics and seed oil of safflower (Crthamus tinctorius) cultivars

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fereydoon Barazandeh 1
  • Mohammad.R Sabzalian 1
  • Mehdi Rahimmalek 1
  • Soraya Karami 2
1 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
2 Department of Agricultural Science, College of Agriculture, Payame Noor University (PNU), Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and objective: Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) is one of the oilseed crops in arid and semi-arid regions. Germination and heading stages are considered as the most sensitive developmental stages of safflower. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the effect of thermo-priming on germination characteristics of the safflower seed in the laboratory and then, to evaluate the effect of this type of priming on some agronomic traits, yield and percentage of seed oil of safflower genotypes in the field.
Materials and methods: In the first stage, a factorial experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized design with three replications in laboratory condition. The experimental factors included thermo-priming (40, 60 and 80 ° C) at three times (6, 10 and 20 h) and safflower genotypes (primed and non- primed seeds). Germination percentage of seeds and seed germination rate were measured. Then, based on the results of the first stage, another factorial experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. Safflower genotypes were primed only at 60 ° C at two times of 6 and 10 h (non- primed seeds were considered as control) and then days to 50% emergence, days to maturity, number of heads per plant, 1000-seed weight, seed yield per plant and seed oil percentage were measured during the experiment and at the end.
Results: The results of the first stage revealed that pre-sowing seed treatment by thermo-priming had a significant effect on the percentage and rate of germination. The highest percentage and rate of germination were obtained at temperatures of 40 and 60 ° C in the short period of priming (6 and 10 h). In field, according to the results of the first stage, pre-treatment of seeds at 60 ° C resulted in a reduction of the day to 50% seed emergence in primed genotypes compared to the control genotypes. On the other hand, thermo-priming resulted in increasing the day to maturity, seed yield per plant and percentage of seed oil, but the number of heads per plant was not affected by thermo-priming.
Conclusion: In general, the results indicated that pre-treatment of seeds with thermo-priming (medium temperatures) resulted in the rapid emergence and establishment of safflower seedlings. Moreover, the results showed that thermo-priming at 60 ° C not only had no negative effect on safflower seed yield and percentage of oil, but also significantly increased the traits in primed genotypes compared to non-primed ones. It is worth noting that the spring planting of primed seeds of safflower can lead to improved seed yield and oil yield compared to planting of non-primed seeds.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Temperature
  • Germination rate
  • Percentage of germination
  • Phenological traits
  • Yield

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پژوهش‌های تولید گیاهی
دوره 26، شماره 1
خرداد 1398
صفحه 107-122

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