بررسی تاثیر گلایسین بتائین و هیومی فورته بر ویژگی‌های مورفوفیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی شمعدانی عطری (Pelargonium graveolens L) تحت تنش رطوبتی

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد ساوه

2 دانشگاه ازاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات

3 استاد بازنشسته گروه باغبانی دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: شمعدانی عطری گیاهی دارویی با کاربرد در صنایع پزشکی، آرایشی بهداشتی و غذایی است. مسئله کمبود آب در کشور و اثرات آن بر گیاهان از فاکتورهای مهم زیست محیطی است که می‌توان آثار سو آن را تا حدودی با محرک‌های رشد و تعدیل کننده‌های تنش کاهش داد. بدین منظور، تحقیق حاضر به بررسی اثر هیومی فورته و گلایسین بتائین بر ویژگی‌های موفولوژیکی، فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیای گیاه دارویی شمعدانی عطری می‌پردازد.
مواد و روش‌ها: این آزمایش به‌صورت گلدانی در قالب طرح فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملا تصادفی در 3 تکرار انجام شد. فاکتور تنش رطوبتی با 3 سطح (100 درصد ظرفیت زراعی یا شاهد، 70 درصد ظرفیت زراعی و 40 درصد ظرفیت زراعی) و فاکتور کوددهی شامل محلول‌پاشی در 5 سطح (شاهد، 5/2 میلی‌گرم در لیتر هیومی فورته، 5 میلی‌گرم در لیتر هیومی فورته، گلایسین بتائین 50 میلی‌مولار، گلایسین بتائین 100 میلی‌مولار) بود. ویژگی‌های ارتفاع گیاه، نسبت وزن ریشه به اندام هوایی، دمای کنوپی، پرولین، محتوای کلروفیل، فعالیت آنزیم‌های کاتالاز و سوپراکسید دیسموتاز و درصد، عملکرد و اجزای اسانس اندازه‌گیری شد.
یافته‌ها: تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که اثر اصلی تنش رطوبتی و محرک‌های زیستی بر همه صفات معنی‌دار بود (P≤0.05)، اما اثر تنش متقابل فقط بر نسبت وزن ریشه به اندام هوایی، دمای تاج، فعالیت آنزیم SOD و عملکرد اسانس معنی‌دار شد (P≤0.05). خشکی 40 درصد ظرفیت زراعی سبب کاهش ارتفاع گیاه، کلروفیل، درصد و عملکرد اسانس و افزایش دمای تاج، فعالیت آنزیم سوپراکسید دیسموتاز و تجمع پرولین شد. در اکثر صفات مورد بررسی تفاوت معنی‌داری بین تیمارهای 70 درصد ظرفیت زراعی و 100 درصد ظرفیت زراعی وجود نداشت. تیمار محلول‌پاشی 100 میلی‌مولار گلایسین بتائین سبب افزایش ارتفاع گیاه، کلروفیل، درصد و عملکرد اسانس و کاهش پرولین شد. ترکیبات اصلی اسانس به‌ترتیب بتا سیترونلول، سیترونلیل فرمات و ژرانیول در برهمکنش تیمار 100 درصد ظرفیت زراعی و گلایسین بتائین 100 میلی‌مولار و سیترونلول، ژرانیول و سیترونلیل فرمات در برهمکنش تیمار 40 درصد ظرفیت زراعی و شاهد محلول-پاشی بود.
نتیجه‌گیری: برهمکنش تیمار 100 درصد ظرفیت زراعی و گلایسین بتائین 100 میلی‌مولار مؤثرترین تیمار برای تقویت صفات مورفو-فیزیولوژیک شمعدانی عطری بود. درصد و عملکرد اسانس این گیاه دارویی تحت تاثیر تنش رطوبتی شدید (40 درصد ظرفیت زراعی) کاهش یافت و می‌توان تا حدی این کاهش را با تیمار گلایسین بتائین 100 میلی‌مولار جبران کرد. هر چند هیومی فورته ترکیبی از چندین اسید آمینه‌ آزاد است ولی در این پژوهش نتوانست اثر بخشی مناسبی به اندازه گلایسین بتائین داشته باشد. در نهایت می‌توان بیان کرد که جهت مدیریت منابع آبی، مقدار آب را می‌توان تا 70 درصد ظرفیت زراعی بدون تغییرات معنی‌دار در خصوصیات کمی و کیفی گیاه کاهش داد. همچنین می‌توان از گلایسین بتائین 100 میلی‌مولار در شرایط تنش شدید جهت تعدیل آثار نامطلوب تنش بهره برد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the effect of Glycine betaine and humi-forthi on morpho-physiological and biochemical properties Pelargonium graveolens under water stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • leila hakimi 1
  • Marjan Naiebzadeh 2
  • Ahmad Khaligi 3
1 Islamic Azad University, Saveh
2 Islamic Azad University, Science and research branch
3 Horticulture dept. University of Tehran
چکیده [English]

Background and purposes: Pelargonium graveolens is an uncommon Pelargonium species native to the Cape Provinces and the Northern Provinces of South Africa. Pelargonium graveolens is a medicinal plant used in the medical, cosmetic, and food industries. On the other hand, the water shortage and its impact on plants is an eminent environmental factor. In this regard, the disadvantages of water stress can be alleviated by growth and bio stimulators. Hence, study aims to evaluate the effect of Glycine betaine and humi-forthi on morpho-physiological and biochemical properties of Pelargonium graveolens under water stress.
Materials and methods: For this purpose, water stress was applied in three levels (100% Field capacity (FC), 70% FC, and 40% FC) and foliar application used in five levels (control, 2.5 mg/l humi-forthi, 5 mg/l humi-forthi, 50 mM Glycine betaine, and 100 mM Glycine betaine) as factorial based on completely block design in three replications. The traits investigated in the study were Plant height, Root/Shoot ratio, canopy temperature, chlorophyll content, SOD activity, proline, essential oil percent and yield.
Results: Analysis of variance showed the simple effect of water stress and foliar application was significant on all traits including Plant height, Root/Shoot ratio, canopy temperature, chlorophyll content, SOD activity, proline, essential oil percent and yield. However, the interaction of water stress and foliar application was significant on Root/Shoot ratio, canopy temperature, SOD activity, and essential oil yield. 40% FC significantly decreased plant height, chlorophyll content, essential oil percent and yield. In contrast, canopy temperature, SOD activity, and proline increased by applying 40% FC. Foliar application with 100% Glycine betaine increased plant height, essential oil percent and yield, while decreased proline. Amino acids are easily absorbed by the plant after being introduced into the plant cells through solubility, due to their biochemical structural properties. This causes the energy of the plant to be stored to cope with environmental stresses.Biological stimuli increase photosynthesis through increasing water absorption and nutrients, which increases plant properties.
Conclusion: The interaction of 100% FC and Glycine betaine was selected as the most appropriate treatment in improving the morpho-physiological and biochemical properties of Pelargonium graveolens under water stress. Although humi-forthi is a combination of some free amino acids, it could not have a significant impact relative to Glycine betaine. Finally, we can maintain the water need of plant up to 70% FC, and use the Glycine betaine 100 mM to reduce the adverse effects of high water stress.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • : Foliar application
  • Irrigation
  • Medicinal plant
  • Essential oil

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پژوهش‌های تولید گیاهی
دوره 26، شماره 3
آبان 1398
صفحه 37-56

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