اثر محلول‌پاشی توأم کلسیم و پتاسیم بر عمر انبارمانی و کیفیت میوه‌ی پرتقال رقم تامسون ناول

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 نویسنده مسئول، گروه باغبانی، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران

2 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی‌ارشد گروه باغبانی، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران

3 دانشجوی دکتری گروه علوم باغبانی و زراعت، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

4 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: عمر انبارمانی پرتقال رقم تامسون ناول (Citrus sinensis var. Thomson Navel) نسبتاً پایین است. یکی از عوامل مهم افزایش حداکثری کیفیت میوه و ارزش غذایی آن حضور مقادیر مناسب از کلسیم و پتاسیم در بافت میوه است. جذب عناصر ضروری از خاک توسط ریشه و انتقال آنها به بخش هوایی گیاه از جمله ورود به بافت میوه از چالش‌های مهم تغذیه‌ای به شمار می‌روند. کمبود کلسیم در میوه‌ی مرکبات به دلیل کاهش جذب آن از خاک‌ها محتمل است. کاربرد این عنصر به صورت محلول‌پاشی به ویژه بعد از تشکیل میوه تا حدود زیادی این چالش را مرتفع می‌کند. هدف از پژوهش حاضر، تعیین دفعات مناسب تیمار توأم کلسیم و پتاسیم (یک تا چهار بار)، قبل و بعد از برداشت میوه‌ی پرتقال رقم تامسون ناول، بر عمر انبارمانی و کیفیت آن بود.
مواد و روش‌ها: تیمارها شامل؛ بدون محلول‌پاشی کلسیم، یک ‌بار محلول‌پاشی کلسیم (در خرداد ماه)، دو بار محلول‌پاشی کلسیم (در خرداد و تیر ماه)، سه ‌بار محلول‌پاشی کلسیم (در خرداد، تیر و مرداد ماه)، چهار بار محلول‌پاشی کلسیم (در خرداد، تیر، مرداد و شهریور ماه)، بدون محلول‌پاشی پتاسیم، یک بار محلول‌پاشی پتاسیم (در خرداد ماه) و دو بار محلول‌پاشی پتاسیم (در خرداد و تیر ماه)، به تنهایی یا با یکدیگر با فاصله‌ی یک هفته‌ای و قبل از برداشت میوه‌ها، بودند. پس از برداشت، همه‌ی میوه‌ها به صورت غوطه‌ور با کلسیم 3 در هزار به مدت 5 دقیقه تیمار شدند. میوه‌های بدون محلول‌پاشی با کلسیم و پتاسیم به عنوان شاهد در نظر گرفته شدند. در همه تیمارها، محلول-پاشی کلسیم به میزان ثابت 3 در هزار و محلول‌پاشی پتاسیم به میزان ثابت 2 در هزار انجام شد. آخرین مرحله‌ی تیمار میوه‌ها با کلسیم، بعد از برداشت آنها و به صورت غوطه‌وری در محلول 3 در هزار انجام گرفت. آزمایش در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار در روستای خاریک شهرستان ساری انجام شد. میوه‌ها پس از برداشت، در دمای تقریبی 5 درجه‌ی سانتی‌گراد و رطوبت نسبی 85 درصد به مدت 3 ماه نگهداری شدند. صفات طول، قطر، قطر پوست، وزن، حجم، پوسیدگی، ویتامین ث، کلسیم، مواد جامد محلول (TSS)، اسیدیته-ی قابل تیتراسیون (TA) و اسیدیته‌ی میوه‌ها (pH)، پس از 3 ماه انبارداری اندازه‌گیری شدند.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین میزان ویتامین ث (69/97 میلی‌گرم در 100 میلی‌لیتر آب میوه)، وزن میوه (20/242 گرم) و بالاترین حجم آب میوه (70/115 میلی‌لیتر) در میوه‌های تیمارشده با دو بار محلول‌پاشی کلسیم (در خرداد و تیر ماه به میزان 3 در هزار) همراه با دو بار محلول‌پاشی پتاسیم (در خرداد و تیر ماه به میزان 2 در هزار) به دست آمد. بیشترین قطر (92/78 میلی‌متر) و کمترین پوسیدگی، در میوه-های تیمارشده با دو بار محلول‌پاشی کلسیم (در خرداد و تیر ماه به میزان 3 در هزار) همراه با یک بار محلول‌پاشی پتاسیم (در خرداد ماه به میزان 2 در هزار) به دست آمد. بیشترین میزان کلسیم میوه (30/165 گرم در هر کیلوگرم وزن خشک) در تیمار سه بار محلول‌پاشی کلسیم (در خرداد، تیر و مرداد ماه به میزان 3 در هزار) همراه با یک بار محلول‌پاشی پتاسیم (در خرداد ماه به میزان 2 در هزار) محاسبه شد.
نتیجه‌گیری: در مجموع، بر اساس یافته‌های این پژوهش، محلول‌پاشی میوه‌های پرتقال رقم تامسون ناول طی دو مرحله با کلسیم (در خرداد و تیر ماه به میزان 3 در هزار) و یک مرحله با پتاسیم (در خرداد ماه به میزان 2 در هزار) و دو مرحله با پتاسیم (در خرداد و تیر ماه، هر بار به میزان 2 در هزار) قبل از برداشت به همراه غوطه‌وری در محلول 3 در هزار کلسیم بعد از برداشت (برای همه پرتقال‌ها) برای حفظ کمیت و کیفیت میوه‌ها طی انبارداری مناسب است و این تیمارها توصیه می‌گردند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of combined foliar application of calcium and potassium on the shelf life and quality of Thomson Navel orange

نویسندگان [English]

  • Behzad Kaviani 1
  • Rasoul Ansari 2
  • Sara Khayati Babaie 2
  • Hassan Abedini Aboksari 3
  • Mohammad Hossein Ansari 4
  • Hasan Akhgari 4
1 Corresponding Author, Dept. of Horticultural Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
2 M.Sc. Graduate, Dept. of Horticultural Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
3 Ph.D. Student, Dept. of Horticultural Science and Agronomy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
4 Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives: The shelf life of orange ‘Thomson Navel’ (Citrus sinensis var. Thomson Navel) is low. One of the important factors in maximum increase of fruit quality and its nutritional value is the presence of calcium and potassium in fruit tissue. Absorption of essential elements from the soil by the roots and their transfer to the aerial part of the plant, including entry into the fruit tissue are important challenges. Calcium deficiency in citrus fruits is possible due to reduced absorption from soils. The application of these elements in the form of foliar application solves this challenge. The aim of this study was to determine the appropriate frequency of combined treatment of calcium and potassium (one to four times), before and after harvest, on shelf life and fruit quality of Thomson Novell cultivar, including calcium, vitamin C and soluble solids (°Brix).
Materials and Methods: Treatments were without foliar application of calcium, once foliar application of calcium (in June), twice foliar application of calcium (in June and July), three times foliar application of calcium (in June, July and September), four times foliar application of calcium (in June, July, September and October), without foliar application of potassium, once foliar application of potassium (in June) and twice foliar application of potassium (in June and July), alone or in combination with a week distance and before harvesting fruits. After harvesting, all fruits were treated with 3 per 1000 calcium for 5 minutes as plunging. Fruits without foliar application of calcium and potassium were considered as controls. Calcium foliar application was performed at a constant rate of 3 per1000 and potassium foliar application at a rate of 2 per 1000. The last stage of treatment of fruits with calcium was done after harvest and by immersion in a solution of 3 per 1000. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design with three replications in Kharik village of Sari city. The fruits were stored at the temperature of 5°C and 85% relative humidity for 3 months. Traits of length, diameter, skin diameter, weight, juice volume, decay, vitamin C, calcium, total solid soluble (TSS), titration acidity (TA) and acidity (pH) of fruits were measured after 3 months’ storage.
Results: The results showed that the most vitamin C (97.69 mg/100 ml fruit juice), fruit weight (242.20 g) and fruit juice volume (115.70 ml) were obtained in fruits treated with twice foliar application of calcium (in June and July at a rate of 3 per1000) together with twice foliar application of potassium (in June and July at a rate of 2 per1000). The highest diameter (78.92 mm) and the lowest decomposition were obtained in fruits treated with twice calcium (June and July at a rate of 3 per1000) together with once potassium (June at a rate of 2 per1000). The highest amount of fruit calcium (165.30 g/kg DW) was calculated in the treatment of 3 times foliar application of calcium (in June, July and September at a rate of 3 per1000) together with once foliar application of potassium (in June at a rate of 2 per1000).
Conclusion: In general, based on the findings of this study, foliar application of Thomson Novell cultivar through twice calcium (in June and July, at a rate of 3 per 1000) and once with potassium (in June at a rate of 2 per1000) and twice with potassium (in June and July, at a rate of 2 per1000) before harvest along with plunging into 3 per 1000 of calcium after harvest (for all oranges) is suitable for maintaining the quantity and quality of fruits during storage and this treatment is recommended.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Plant nutrition
  • Mineral fertilizer
  • Vitamin C
  • Foliar application
  • Citrus
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