Evaluation of different plant densities effects on rate and process of grain filling, yield and yield components in varieties of dry bean

In order to evaluate plant density and cultivar effects on rate and process of grain filling, yield and yield components of three dry bean cultivars a factorial experiment (using R.C.B. design) was conducted in 1386 at agricultural and natural research center of East Azarbaijan (Tabriz). Three cultivars (Khomeyn, G-14088 and 11816) were planted at four densities (14, 20, 30 and 60 plants/m²) in three replications. A two-part linear model was used to quantifying the grain filling parameters. Interaction effect of cultivar and plant density affected grain filling rate (GFR), mass maturity (MM), maximum grain weight (MGW) and effective filling period (EFP) significantly. Highest amount of GFR, MM, MGW and EFP observed at Khomeyn cultivar in lowest density (14 plants/m²). These four parameters decreased in Khomeyn and G-14088 cultivars with increasing in plant density significantly. Between cultivars and plant densities treatments of dry been was significant difference in all of yield and yield components. But interaction effect of cultivar and plant density affected only number of day to maturity, number of pod in plant, 100 kernel weight, grain yield and percent of grain protein parameters. All of these parameters (except grain yield) decreased with increasing in plant density. But increasing of plant density and number of pod in square meter compensated it and increased grain yield with increasing all of parameters in square meter. Grain yield is important than other parameters. Khomeyn cultivar had maximum amount GFR, MGW, EFP, number of grain, 100 K.W, HI and grain yield. Therefore Khomeyn cultivar and 30 plants/m² are best cultivar and plant density in region respectively.