Effect of Pre-treatment and Seed Size on Yield and Characteristics of Two Onion (Allium ce-pa L.) Cultivar

Document Type : original paper

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Abstract

Background and objectives: The main objective of this work was to study the effect of priming and seed size on biological yield, growth and phonological characteristics of onion genotypes.
Materials and methods: In order to evaluate the effect of priming and seed size on biological yield, growth and phonological characteristics of onion genotypes a factorial field experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in 2012 and 2013 cropping season at Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center of East Azarbayjan, Iran. The experimental treatments included priming (at four levels: hydro priming, osmopriming (in %2 KNO3), priming with falomin amino acid (in 2%) and control (without priming), seed size (at three levels: small, medium and large) and cultivars (at two levels: Red Azarshahr and Zargun). Following charac-teristics such biological yield, number of leave, leave length, leaf area, leaf area index, bulbing ratio, leaf ratio, bolting percent, number of days to bulbing, physiological maturity and number of day to harvest were studied.
Results: Analysis of variance for the measured traits indicated that all characteristics significantly were affected by priming and seed size. Results showed that seed priming and seed size improved biological yield, growth and phonological characteristics. The highest biological yield, leaf area, leaf area index, bulbing ratio, were obtained from plant that primed with folamine 105.98 (T/ha), 123.77cm2, 8.25 and 4.99, respectively and the lowest were achieved from control plants. Also mean comparison indicated that the higher values of biologic yield, leaf area, leaf area Index, bulbing ratio were obtained from large seed size 100.33 (T/ha), 119.38cm2, 7.96 and 4.98, respectively and the lower of it were found to small seed size. Nevertheless, seed priming and seed size improved biological yield, growth and phonological characteristics onion cultivars were attributed to rapid seedling emergence and establishment, and consequently the optimum use of light, soil moisture and nutrients by the plants developed from the primed seeds and seed size.
Conclusion: According to the results and discussion mentioned above seed priming treatments improved biological yield, growth and phonological characteristics as compared to the unprimed. Among the treatments, seed priming with Falomin Amino Acid 2% was more effective than the po-tassium nitrite 2% and hydropriming. Large seed size significantly increased the biological yield, growth and phonological characteristics. Accordingly, the importance of seed priming and seed grading were obvious in this study, so seed priming with Falomin Amino Acid 2% and large seed size should be used for onion planting in order to insure high biological yield, to improve growth and phonological characteristics of onion.Therefore priming with Falomin Amino Acid 2% and large seed are recommended of onion planting for the places with the same environmental conditions our experiment.

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References

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Journal of Plant Production Research
Volume 23, Issue 4
February 2017
Pages 75-96

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