Determination the Appropriate Nutrient Solutions for Flowering of Potted Anthurium (Anthurium andreanum cv. Lentini Red) in Soilless Culture

Document Type : original paper

Abstract

Background and objectives: Anthurium (Anthurium andreanum) is one of the most beautiful and expensive produced flowers in the world with high yield and quality for investment. Duration of vegetative and reproductive growth of Anthurium is heavily influenced by nutrition, but few studies have been conducted to determine the exact ratios of elements for its nutrition.
Materials and methods: This study was carried out in order to compare the effects of different nutritional solutions on flowering of pott Anthurium (Anthurium andreanum cv. Lentini Red) in soilless culture in a completely randomized design with 4 different nutrient solutions as treatments, with 4 replications (each replication consisted of 5 pots), in a research green house in University of Guilan from November '2014 to July '2015. The differences between nutritional solutions were the amount of used potassium nitrate and calcium and the existence and the lack of ammounium, the first nutritional solution (ammonium and less Ca) included nitrate :total nitrogen, 4 :4.5 and ammonium :total nitrogen, 0.5:4.5 with 2 meq Ca/L and 2.9 meq K/L nutrient solution and the second nutritional solution (nitrate, high K and Ca) included nitrate :total nitrogen, 7.2: 7 .2 with 4 meq Ca/L and 4.6 meq K/L nutrient solution and the third nutritional solution (nitrate and high Ca) included nitrate: total nitrogen, 7.2: 7.2 with 4.6 meq Ca/L and 4 meq K/L nutrient solution and the forth nutritional solution (ammonium and high Ca) included nitrate: total nitrogen, 7.2: 7.8 and ammonium: total nitrogen, 0.6: 7.8 with 4 meq Ca/L and 4 meq K/L nutrient solution. Nutrient solutions were used based on plant requirement.
Results: Results of analysis of variance showed significant differences among 4 different treatments regarding the height of plant, number of leaf and flower, peduncle length and diameter, spathʾs length and width, fresh and dry weight of root, the concentrations of nitrogen, potassium, magnesium and calcium in leaf and the spathʾs anthocyanins content. There was no significant difference regarding flower longevity, foliageʾs fresh and dry weight, leaf phosphorus and iron concentrations. The most number of leaves was related to the ammonium and less Ca nutrient solution and the most number of flowers was related to the ammonium and less Ca and ammonium and high Ca nutrient solutions. The height of plant, peduncle length and diameter, spathʾs length and width, fresh and dry weight of root in plants fed by the nitrate and high Ca and ammonium and high Ca nutrient solutions were more than the others. The spathʾs anthocyanins content and leafʾs nitrogen concentration in plants fed by the nitrate, high K and Ca and ammonium and high Ca nutrient solutions were more than the others. The nitrate, high K and Ca and nitrate and high Ca nutrient solutions produced the most concentration of leaves potassium and magnesium. Calcium concentration in plants fed by the ammonium and less Ca nutrient solutions was less than the other plants.
Conclusion: Quantitative and qualitative characteristics of flower in pot Anthurium plants, using the ammonium and high Ca nutrient solution in flowering stage, were better than the others.

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References

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