In vitro mass propagation of ‘Myrobalan29c’ (prunus cerasifera L.): a vegetative Rootstock for stone fruits

Background and objectives: The main purpose of the presented study was to investigate the techniques for in vitro propagation of Myrobalan29c (a rootstock for stone trees). In vitro propagation fruit tree is available way for the mass propagation. In vitro proliferation of woody plants has more problems than herbaceous plants. And woody plant for the in vitro regeneration adventitious shoot from the explant٫ and also in vitro rooting are hard. Therefore, the selection of suitable culture media is necessary for inanition regeneration of shoots from explants٫ proliferation and rooting for the development of a propagation system in fruit trees.

Material and methods: This study was performed to determine the best culture medium and plant growth regulators in micropropagation of Myrobalan 29C in a factorial experiment on a complete randomized design (CRD) with 4 replication where each plot contained 5 explants at the Natural Resource and Agricultural Research and Educational Centre of Khorasan Razavi. In order to the proliferation used performed, in level two of culture medium including (MS and QL) and concentrations BAP and TDZ in level five (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 mgL-1) and two kinds of culture medium including QL and DKW plant growth regulators NAA with (0, 1, 2 and 3 mgL-1) in rooting step and in the acclimatization of substrate Coco pit and Perlite (50; 50 V). The number and the length of the shoots and number leaf in proliferation phase after subculture three (21 days between each subculture) and in rooting phase number and root length, leaf number, percent root and plantlets stem length evaluated.
Results: The results showed that the highest shoots proliferation ratio was obtained with 3.41 in MS medium containing 2 mgL-1 of BAP and also the highest plantlets lengths 2.5, 2.33 and 2.29 cm, respectively was observed in three concentrations of 1, 2 and 3 mgL-1 of BAP. The highest percentage of rooting (100%) and root length (2.12 cm) were recorded in DKW medium respectively at concentrations of 1 and 3 mgL-1 NAA. The acclimatization of plantlets to greenhouse conditions was successful. The highest rate of plantlets survival (about 50%) in DKW medium with concentrations 1 mgL-1 of NAA was obtained in substrate Coco peat and Perlite (50; 50 V).
Conclusion: The composition of the culture medium and the concentration of growth regulator effect on the proliferation and propagation stone rootstock .In this experiment, optimum BAP and NAA concentrations respectively was 2 and 1 mgL-1 for proliferation and rooting of Myrobalan29c. It should be noted that higher concentrations of 2 mgL-1 BAP and NAA are not recommended for this plant. Usually, root production is affected by the synthesis, metabolism and auxin movement in the plant. Therefore acclimatization directly related to rooting quality and the highest rooting ratie.