The effect of different nutritional systems on yield and yield components of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) in competition and non- competition with weeds

Document Type : original paper

Authors

1 ِDepartment of Agronomy, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Universoty

2 Department of Agronomy, Sari Agricultural Sciencesand Natural Resources

3 Assistant Professor Department of Soil Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University

Abstract

Background and objectives: Sustainable agriculture, with respecting ecological principles, can increase the efficiency of resources use and provide a longer-term benefit to humans, while providing a balance in the environment. The application of organic fertilizers with a view of replacing or significantly reducing the use of chemical fertilizers increases the quality and quantity of plants yield. Sesame is one of the most important oily and pharmaceutic seeds in agricultural areas, which is due to its high oil and protein content and antioxidant content in food, food supplements, medicine and industry. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the various organic and biological nutrient systems on yield and yield components of sesame under competition and non-competition with weeds.
Materials and method: This experiment was conducted as a split plot in a randomized complete block design in three replications in Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University in 2015. The treatments consisted of: competition between plants and weeds (weedy and weed free) as a main factor, and sub factor was fertilizer sources include sheep manure, pigeon manure, vermicompost fertilizer, bio-fertilizer (Nytrukara), sheep manure + biofertilizers, pigeon manure + biofertilizers, vermicompost + biofertilizer, urea fertilizer and control (no fertilizer). Dominant weeds were identified in the field as velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrassti L.), barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crusgalli L.), bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon) and wild melon (Cucumis melo var. Agrestis).The studied traits included yield and yield components of sesame, weed density and weed biomass and competitive indices.
Results: The results showed that the highest yield per unit area (2992 kg ha-1) was observed in the integrated treatment of sheep manure and Nytrvkara and the maximum harvest index (44 percent) was in integrated treatment of vermicompost and Nytrvkara in weed free condition, while, the lowest ones was at control in weed infestation. Also, nitrogen sources showed significant differences in weed density and biomass compared to control. In examining the ability to withstand competition (AWC), the results showed that the ability to compete with weeds tolerant, pigeon manure treatment had the highest ability to compete with weeds, while, after a pigeon manure, integrated managements enhance performance, as well as increased competitiveness.
Conclusion: Finally, based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the combined use of fertilizers, with increasing sesame growth and no environmental side effect, reduces dry weight of weeds, reduces weed damage and also reduces the use of herbicides. So, it is a suitable method for the healthy and sustainable production of these products.

Keywords

References

1.Asghari, M. and Armin, M. 2015. Effect of weed interference in different agronomic managements on grain yield and yield components of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). J. Clinic. Exer. Physio. 8: 407-422. (In Persian)
2.Abdulahi, A., Nasrolahzadeh, S., Nasab, A.D.M., Salmasi, S.Z. and Pourdad, S. 2014. Study on effect of weed interference and nitrogen fertilizer on performance of chickpea in intercropping with wheat. South Africa Police Service. 23: 85-100. (In Persian)
3.Azeez, J.O., Van Averbeke, W. and Okorogbona, A.O.M. 2010. Differential responses in yield of pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima L.) and nightshade (Solanum retroflexum Dun.) to the application of three animal manures. Biores. Technol. 101: 2499-2505.
4.Azizi, M., Rezwanee, F., Hassanzadeh Khayat, M., Lackzian, A. and Neamati, H. 2008. The effect of different levels of vermicompost and irrigation on morphological properties and essential oil content of German chamomile (Matricaria recutita) C.V. Goral. Iran. J. Med. Arom. Plant.24: 1. 82-93. (In Persian)
5.Asadie, R., Asgharzadeh, K., Kharazmie, A., Rejalee, F. and Savahgabee, J.R. 2008. Soil of Biofertility a Suitable Method of Soil Sustainable in Agricultural. Jihad Daneshgahi publication, Tehran, Iran. 328p. (In Persian)
6.Adediran, J.A., Taiwo, L.B., Akande, M.O., Sobulo, R.A. and Idowu, O.J. 2004. Application of organic and inorganic fertilizer for sustainable maize and cowpea yields in Nigeria. J. Plant Nut. 27: 7. 1163-1181.
7.Bahari Saravi, S. and Pirdashti, H.A. 2013. Evaluation of phosphate solubilizing bacteria stimulating plant growth and yield of wheat in nirtogen and phosphorus levels in greenhouse. Iran. J. Filed Crop Res. 4: 10. 681-689. (In Persian)
8.Baekhrad, H., Niknam, F. and Mahdavi, B. 2017. Effects of nano fertilizer and different levels of nitrogen on grain
and oil yield of sesame. Plant Eco.9: 28. 110-122.
9.Barker, A.V. and Bryson, G.M. 2006. Comparisons of compost with low or high nutrient status for growth of plants in containers. Com. Soil Sci. Plant Analy. 37: 1303-1319.
10.Challaiah, O., Burnside, C., Wicks, G.A. and Johanson, V.A. 1986. Competition between winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars and downy brome (Bromus tectorum). Weed Sci. 34: 689-693.
11.Dianat, M., Rahimian Mashhadi, H., Baghestani, M.A., Alizadeh, H.M. and Zand, E. 2007. Evaluation of Iranian cultivars of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for competitive ability against rye (Secale cereale). J. Agric. Sci. Natur. Resour. 23: 267-280.
(In Persian)
12.Fanaei, H., Azmal, A. and Piri, I. 2016. Effect of biological and chemical fertilizers on oil, seed yield and some agronomic traits of safflower under different irrigation regimes. Agroecol.
8: 4. 551-566. (In Persian)

 13.Foroghi, A., Gherekhloo, J. and Ghaderifar, F. 2013. Planing row spacing effect and common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) interference on grain yield and its components of two sesame (Sesamum indicum) cultivars in Gorgan. Elect. J. Crop Pro. 6: 2. 101-116.

14.Fallah, S., Ghalavand, A., Samar, S.M. and Yadavi, A. 2013. Effect of broiler litter and mixing it with soil on corn`s nutrient concentrations. J. Agron.24: 40-47.
15.Ghasemi, S., Siavashi, K., Choukan, R., Khavazi, K. and Rahmani, A. 2011. Effect of biofertilizer phosphate on grain yield and its components of maize(Zea mays L.) cv. KSC704 under water deficit stress conditions. Seed Plant Pro. J. 2: 27. 219-233.
16.Ghost, B.C. and Bhat, R. 1998. Environmental hazards of nitrogen loading in wetland rice fields. Environ. Pollution. 102: 1. 123-126.
17.Hemmati, E., Vazan, S. and Sadeghi Shoae, M. 2012. Effect of pre-planting irrigation, maize planting pattern and nitrogen on grain yield and yield components of maize CV. SC704. Quarterly Iran. J. Agron. Plant Breed.
8: 2. 21-31. (In Persian)
18.Jedrszczylc, E. and Malgar, Z. 2007. Impact of the living mulch on plant growth and selected features of sweet corn yield. Folia Hort. 19: 1. 3-13.
19.Jahan, M., Aryaee, M., Amiri, M.B. and Ehyaee, H.R. 2013. The effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Sesamum indicum L. with application of cover crops of Lathyrus sp. and Persian clover (Trifolium resopinatum L.). J. Agroec.1: 5. 1-15. (In Persian)
20.Kleopper, J.W. 2003. A review of mechanisms for plant growth promotion by PGPR. 6th International PGPR Workshop. Calicut, India. 5-10 October. Pp: 17-23.
21.Kashiwagi, J., Krishnamurthy, L., Crouch, J.H. and Serraj, R. 2006. Variability of root length density and its contributions to seed yield in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under terminal drought stress. Field Crops Res. 95: 171-181.
22.Moosavifar, B.E. and Behdani, M.A. 2018. Effect of deficit irrigation and plant density on growth and seed yield and some morphological traits of autumn safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Agroecol. 10: 1. 107-119.
23.Momeni Fili, P., Khoorgami, A. and Sayyah Far, M. 2014. Effect of vermicompost biofertilizer and plant density on the yield and yield components soybean in khorramabad. Crop Phisiol. J. 6: 3. 113-127.
24.Masoumi, A., Asghari, H.R., Tavakoli Dinani, E. and Makarian, H. 2013. Effect of nitrogen sources on density and dry matter of weeds and yield of two coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) landrace. Agri. Sci. Sustain Pro.
23: 1. 113.127.
25.Moradi, R. 2009. The effects of biological and organic fertilizers on yield and yield components and the quantity and quality of essential oil of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.). MSc thesis of Agroecology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. (In Persian)
26.Munir, M.A., Malik, M.A. and Saleem, M.F. 2007. Impact of integration of crop manuring and nitrogen application on growth, yield and quality of spring planted sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Pak. J. Bot. 39: 2. 441-449.
27.Nazeri, P., Kashani, A., Khavazi, K., Ardakani, M.R., Mirakhori, M. and Poursiahbidi, M. 2010. The effect of biofertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer banding with zinc on white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L). J. Agroecol.2: 1. 175-185. (In Persian)
28.Naderi, R. and Ghadiri, H. 2011. Competition of wild mustard (Sinapis arvense L.) densities with rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) under different levels of nitrogen fertilizer. J. Agric. Sci. Tech. 13: 45-51.
29.Parchami, P., Lak, Sh., Bahdarand, P. and Majdam, M. 2009. Effects of competition of wild oat (Avena ludoviciana L.) and different levels of nitrogen fertilizer ondry matter accumulation, nitrogen use efficiency and wheat chlorophyll (Triticum aestivum L.). The third weed science conference. Babolsar, Iran. (In Persian)
30.Praksh, N.D. and Thimmegoawd, S. 1991. Effect of irrigation and fertilizer levels on nutrients concentration and protein yield of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Ind. J. Agron. 36: 421-422.
31.Rokhzadi, A., Asgharzadeh, A., Darvish, F., Nour-Mohammadi, G. and Majidi,E. 2008. Influence of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on dry matter accumulation and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under field conditions. Amer. – Eurasi. J. Agric. Environ. Sci. 3: 253-257.

32.Rezvani Moghaddam, P., Saburi, A., Mohamad Abadi, A.A. and Moradi, R. 2013. Effect of chemical fertilizer, cow manure and municipal compost on yield, yield components and oil quantity of three sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) cultivars in mashhad. Iran. J. Field Crops Res. 11: 2. 241-250. (In Persian)

33.Sajadinik, R. and Yadavi, A.R.2013. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer, vermicompost and nitroxin on growth indices, phenological stages and grain yield of sesame. Iran. J. Crop Prod.6: 2. 73-100. (In Persian)
34.Safahani Langeroudi, A.R. and Kamkar, B. 2009. Field screening of canola (Brassica napus) cultivars against wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis) using competition indices and some empirical yield loss models in GolestanProvince. Iran. Crop Protect. 28: 577-582.
35.Seyyedi, S.M., Ghorbani, R., Rezvani Moghadam, P. and Nasiri Mahallati, M. 2013. Nitrogen use efficiency and harvest index in black seed (Nigella sativa L.) at different weed competition durations. Plant Prod. Res. 20: 1. 141-156.
36.Soleimani, F., Saadatian, B. and Ahmadvand, G. 2013. Evaluation of competitive ability of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) and wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.) in different levels of nitrogen and relative density of two species. Weed Res. J. 5: 2. 153-166.
37.Spaeth, S.C., Randall, H.C., Sinclair, T.R. and Vendeland, J.S. 1984. Stability of soybean harvest index. Agron. J.76: 3. 482-486.‏
 38.Singer, W.J., Sally, S.D. and Meek, D.W. 2007. Tillage and compost effects on corn growth, nutrient accumulation, and grain yield. Agron. J. 99: 80-87.

39.Tasdighi, H.R., Salehi, A., Movahhede Dehnavi, M. and Behzadi, Y. 2015. Survey of yield, yield components and essential oil of Matricaria chamomilla L. with application of vermicompost and different irrigation levels. Agri. Sci. Sus. Pro. 25: 3. 61-78.

40.Togay, N., Tepe, I., Togay, Y. and Cig, F. 2009. Nitrogen levels and application methods affect weed biomass, yield and yield components in wheat. New Zealand J. Crop. Hort. Sci. 37:105-111.
41.Tahami Zarandi, S.M.K., Rezvani Moghaddam, P. and Jahan, M. 2010. Comparing the effects of organic and chemical fertilizers on yield and content essential oil of basil (Basilicum Ocimum L.). J. Agroecol. 2: 1. 63-74. (In Persian)
42.Watson, P.R., Derksen, D.A., Van Acker, R.C. and Blrvine, M.C. 2002. The contribution of seed seedling, and mature plant traits to barley cultivar competitiveness against weeds. Proceedings of the National Meeting-Can. Weed Sci. Soc. 14: 49-57.
43.Yari, A. and Tab, A. 2018. Evaluation of organic and chemical different nutrition systems on the yield, quantity and quality of essential oil of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.). Plant Prod. Res. 24: 4. 13-29.
44.Yin, L., Cai, Z. and Zhong, W. 2006. Changes in weed community diversity of maize crops due to long-term fertilization. Crop Protect. 25: 910-914.
45.Zand, E. and Beckie, H.J. 2002. Competitive ability of hybrid and pollinated canola (Brassica napua) with wild oat (Avena fatua). Can. J. Plant Sci. 82: 473-480.
Journal of Plant Production Research
Volume 26, Issue 4
February 2020
Pages 61-77

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics