Effect of Ectomycorrhizal fungi symbiosis and mycorrhiza helper bacteria (Bacillus cereus) on nutrient uptake and growth of Black pine (Pinus nigra)

Document Type : scientific research article

Authors

1 Ph.D. Student, Dept. of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran

2 Professor, Dept. of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran

3 Associate Prof., Dept. of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran

4 Assistant Prof., Dept. of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Mycorrhiza is one of the most common and oldest symbiotic associations in the plants. These funguses are considered to be essential factors in the soil and plant system which symbiosis with roots of more than 97% of the plants. Nowadays it is known that mycorrhizal fungus increase host plant growth by in direct ways such as improving plant nutrition by absorbing nutrients, as well as increasing water absorption and indirect way such as reducing biologic and non-biologic stress. Pine trees are the most popular trees in the landscape and forests, which have compulsory symbiosis with ectomycorrhizal fungi. Several studies have been done to development symbiosis of ectomycorrhiza in sterile conditions, as well as to investigate the effect of this system on plants, but so far no studies have been done to investigate the symbiosis of three types of ectomycorrhizal fungi (Cantharellus cibarius, Amanita caesarea and Boletus edulis) and bacteria (Bacillus cereus) with black pine.
Materials and methods: This experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications. The treatments were included: Control, B. cereus, the ectomycorrhiza funguses of Cantharellus, Boletus and Amanita and combined treatments (bacterial+ fungi). Seedlings were inoculated with fungi and bacteria after 60 days; then, the traits were evaluated after 15 months. The traits were included: root mycorrhization percent, plant height, stem diameter, stem and root dry weight, chlorophyll content and the uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium.
Results: Mycorrhization at 1% probability was significantly influenced by applied treatments. The highest (61.32%) and lowest (14%) percentage of mycorrhization respectively were obtained by Boletus+Bacillus and Cantharellus. The uptake of potassium, nitrogen and phosphorus elements, Atotal chlorophyll, plant height and root and stem dry weight were significantly affected by treatments; while, there were not observed significant difference between treatments in case of stem diameter, calcium uptake and chlorophyll b. All combination treatments (bacterial+fungi) dramatically increased plant height, stem dry weight, total chlorophyll and the absorption of potassium and nitrogen compared with control. Also the treatments of Boletus+Bacillus and Amanita+Bacillus had positivity effects on increment of phosphorus uptake, Chlorophyll a and root dry weight. In case of individual treatments, the results showed that only Boletus was effective in improving the stem dry weight and potassium and phosphorus uptake. In the case of separate treatments, the results indicated that only Boletus fungus was effective in increasing stem dry weight and potassium and phosphorus absorption. In other case there were no significant difference between control and other treatments. The highest and lowest values of evaluated traits respectively were obtained by Boletus+Bacillus and control.
Conclusion: The results conclusively suggest that all ectomycorrhizal fungus especially Boletus had a symbiosis with P. nigra. This symbiosis was improved by mycorrhiza helper bacteria and co-inoculated of B. cereus with all fungi had more positive effects on increasing of mycorrhization, nutrient uptake and growth of P. nigra.

Keywords

References

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Journal of Plant Production Research
Volume 27, Issue 3
December 2020
Pages 249-264

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