Effects of different levels of treatments GA3,, Prechlling and Priming on seed germination of Kochia prostrata [L.] schrad in relation to seed harvest date and shrubs’ age.

Document Type : scientific research article

Authors

1 Ph.D. Student of Rangeland Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran

2 Professor, Dept. of Rangeland Management, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran,

3 Associate Prof., Dept. of Rangeland Management, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran

Abstract

Literature review and purposes: Seed germination and establishment of Kochia prostrata L. as an important plant of rangelands in iran has become problematic and the population of this species is declining in their habitats. In this research, seed harvest date, maternal age of shrubs and different priming techniques as factors affecting germination traits of K.prostrata were studied.
Methods: Shrubs devided to three different age classes and their seeds of K. prostrata shrubs were collected separately at two different dates (late November and late December). Five priming treatments consist of Hydropriming 4 hours, Halopriming with potassium nitrate 7.5 mM/L, Gibberellic Acid 750 ppm, wet chilling +5°C and dry chilling -2°C were treatments that were applied on seeds.
Results: results showed all seed traits were significantly different among different age classes at 1% significant level. Also, the effect of seed harvest date on all seed traits except seed germination rate and seed vigor was significant at 1% significant level. Normal seedlings are different between the seeds of different shrubs. It believed that seed dormancy is related to normal seedlings in K.prostrata. Gibberellic Acid of 750 ppm and dry chilling treatments of -2°C had the highest effect on germination, normal seedlings, seedling weight and vigor of seeds of 5-6 year olds and 7 years old class ages and harvest date in late November. The highest rate of germination was in potassium nitrate of 7.5 mM/L. The maximum root length was 4-hour hydropriming treatment on seeds of 5-6 year old class and harvest date in late November.
Discussion: According to the results, seeds of 5-6 year old shrubs have higher seed quality than other two age classes due to having more 1000- seed weight (more than two times) and higher average seed yield (more than 3 times). It seems that seeds of the mature and old shrubs have dormancy more than the seeds of young shrubs. Collection of seeds of the mature class is recommended for the production of seedlings or for use in rangeland improvement and rehabilitation programs. Due to the variability of the maturity time of seeds, it is recommended that the immature seeds are collected in late November to early December before being dispersed. Seed dormancy (immature embryo) is then removed with dry chilling (-2°C) or Gibberellic Acid (750 ppm) treatments. The 4-hour Hydropriming can be used in order to increase the root length and seedlings length, and potassium nitrate of 7.5 mM / L for improving the germination rate.

Keywords

References

1.Abbasdokht, H., Edalatpishe, M.R. and Gholami, A. 2010. The effect of hydropriming and halopriming on germination and early growth stage of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Int. J. Agr. Bio. Eng.4: 8. 551-555.
2.Ahmad, S. and Islam, M. 2011. Rangeland productivity and improvement potential in highlands of Baluchistan, Pakistan. Biomass: Detection, Production and Usage. Int. open press. Chapter.15: 289-304.
3.Ahmad, S., Islam, M. and Mirza, S.N. 2012. Rangeland degradation management approaches in Baluchistan, Pakistan. Pakistan J. Bot. 44: 127-136.
4.Al-Gburi, B., Al-Sahaf, F. and Del-Monte, J. 2019. Evaluation of different treatments on break dormancy of Doddar (Cuscuta campesris). J. Res. Weed Sci.2: 2. 168-179.
5.Assadi, A.M. and Heshmati, Gh.A. 2015. The effect of different treatments on breaking seeds dormancy and inducing germination of Thymus transcaucasicus Ronn. And Zataria moltiflora Boiss.J. Plant Res. 28: 1. 12-21. (In Persian)
6.Bahmani, M., Rahimi, D., Sadeghpoor, A. and Kartooli-Nejad, D. 2015. The effects of priming of various concentrations of potassium nitrate salt on seed germination and seed vigor index of Capparis cartilaginea. J. Range. 10: 2. 180-190.
(In Persian)
7.Balouchi, H. and Ostadian Bidgoly, R. 2018. Effect of seed deterioration on germination and antioxidant enzymes activity of oil flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) Red Bazrak genotype. J. Plant Proc. Func. 7: 23. 205-218. (In Persian)
8.Baskin, C. and Baskin, M. 1998. Seeds: ecology, biogeography, and evolution of dormancy and germination. Academic press. 666p.
9.Bouwmeester, J. and Karssen, M. 1993. Annual changes in dormancy and germination in seeds of sisymbrium officinalis (L.) scop. J. New Phytolt.124: 1. 179-191.
10.Cavieres, A. and Sierra-Almeida, A. 2018. Assessing the importance of cold-stratification for seed germination in alpine plant species of the High-Andes of central Chile. J. Per. Plant Ecol. Evol. Sys. 30: 125-131.
11.Chetouani, M., Mazabri, I., Aamar, A., Boukroute, A., Kouddane, N. and Berrichi, A. 2017. Effect of gibberlic acid (AG3) on the germination of seeds of Thymus satureioides L. and Lavandula dentate. J. Mat. Environ. Sci. 8: 3. 942-948.
12.Creech, C.F. 2012. Effects of Planting Date, Harvest date, and environmental conditions on germination of forage kochia accessions. All graduate theses and dissertations. Utah State Uni. paper 1264.
13.Creech, C.F., Waldron, B.L., Ransom, C.V., Zobell, D.R. and Creech, J.E. 2018. Influence of harvest date on seed yield and quality in forage kochia. J. Front. Agr. Sci. Eng. 5: 1. 71-79.
14.Davies, S.J.J.F. and Kenny, S.A.2013. The ages and fecundity of some arid-zone plants in Western Australia. Range. J. 35: 455-468.
15.Dean Harrison, R., Waldron, L., Jensen, B., Page, R., Monaco, A., Howard Horton, W. and Palazzo, J. 2002. Forage Kochia helps fight range fires. Rangelands. 24: 5. 3-7.
16.Dianati-Tilaki, G., Pichand, M.and Sadati, S.E. 2015. Effect ofdrought stress and seed hydroprimingon some morphological, physiological and biochemical traits of Cymbopogon olivieri (Boiss.) Bor. J. Range.9: 4. 304-319. (In Persian)
17.Fenner, M. and Thompson, K. 2005.The Ecology of seeds. Cambridge University press. 250p.
18.Ghanbari, M., Modarres-Sanavy, S.A.M., Mokhtassi Bidgoli, A. and Talebi-Siah Saran, P. 2018. Effect of hydropriming and seed aging on seed germination and biochemical characteristics of pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) seed under salt stress. Ir. J. Seed Res. 4: 2. 37-55. (In Persian)
19.Heshmati, G.A. and Squires, V. 2013.Combating desertification in Asia, Africa and Middle East. Springer Press. 459p.
20.International rules for seed testing. Edition 2009. Chapter 5&6.
21.Jankju, M., Anvarkhan, M.S. and Sanjari, S. 2013. Seed germination and dormancy tests of some rangeland species of northern Khorasan province, Iran. Int. J. Agr. Crop Sci. 5: 1. 21-29.
22.Kitchen, S.G. and Monsen, S.B. 2001. Forage kochia germination response to storage time and temperature. J. Range Manage. 54: 299-306.
23.Latifi, N. 2001. Techniques in seed science and technology. Uni. Press Agr. Nat. Res. Gorgan. 310p. (In Persian)
24.Li, R., Min, D., Chen, L., Chen, C. and Hu, X. 2017. Hydropriming accelerate seed germination of Medicago sativa under stressful conditions: A thermal and hydro time model approach. Int. J. Legume Res. 40: 4. 741-747.
25.Lotfi, M. 1996. Investigation of ecological characteristics of Kochia prostrata in gorgan and gonbad Rangelands. M.S. thesis in range manage. & Eco. Uni. Tarbiat-Moddares, (In Persian)
26.Maguire, J.D. 1962. Seed of germination-aid in selection and evaluation for seedling emergence and vigor. J. Crop Sci. 2: 111-116.
27.McArthur, E., Blauer, A. and Stevens, R. 1989. Forage Kochia competition with cheat grass in central UTAH. Symposium on cheat grass invasion, shrub die-off, and other aspects of shrub biology and manage. Las Vegas, NV, April 5-7.
28.Meyer, S.E. and Monsen, S.B. 1991. Habitat-correlated variation in mountain big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentate ssp. Vaseyana) seed germination patterns.J. Ecol. 72: 739-742.
29.Nkomo, M. and Kambizi, L. 2009. Effects of pre-chilling and temperature on seed germination of Corchorus olitorius L. (Tiliaceae) (Jew’s Mallow), a wild leafy vegetable. Afric. J. Biotech. 8: 6. 1078-1081.
30.Rehman, S. and Park, I. 2000. Effect of scarification, GA and chilling on the germination of golden rain-tree (Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm.) seeds. J. Sci. Hort. 85: 319-324.
31.Rezai, A., Balouchi, H., Movahhedi Dehnavi, M. and Ahmadi, I. 2018. Effect of different priming onseed germination indices and enzyme of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)SOR834 genotype under cadmium chloride and nitrate toxicity. J. Plant Prod. 41: 1. 69-82.
32.Saberi, M. and Karimian, V. 2018. Effect of chemical stimulants on improvement of growth, support, and Reproduction of Datura stramonium Medicinal Plant under stress with Allopathic compounds of Eucalyptus Camaladulensis. J. Range. 12: 4. 401-410. (In Persian)
33.Schweingruber, F.H. and Poschlod, P. 2005. Growth rings in herbs and shrubs: life span, age determination and
stem anatomy. J. Forest Land. Res.79: 3. 195-415.
34.Statistical Software Ver. 9.4. SAS Institute, 2017.
35.Synoptic meteorological station report. Maraveh-Tappeh. Golestan province, 2017.
36.Vashisth, A. and Nagarajan, S. 2010. Effects on germination and early growth characteristics in sunflower (Helianthus annuus) seeds exposed to static magnetic field. J. Plant Physiol.167: 149-156.
37.Waldron, B.L., Eun, J.S., ZoBell, D.R. and Olson, K.C. 2010. Forage Kochia (Kochia prostrata) for fall and winter grazing. J. Small Rum. Res. 91: 47-55.
38.Willis, G., Baskin, C., Baskin, M., Auld, R., Venable, L., Cavender-Bares, J., Donohue, K. and Rubio de Casas, R. 2014. The evolution of seed dormancy: environmental cues, evolutionary hubs, and diversification of the seed plants.J. New Phyt. 203: 1. 300-309.
Journal of Plant Production Research
Volume 27, Issue 4
February 2021
Pages 55-75

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics