Morphophysiological response of Aeluropus littoralis to Bisphenol A in symbiosis with mycorrhiza

Document Type : scientific research article

Authors

1 Ph.D. Student, Dept. of Horticultural Sciences and Landscape Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

2 Assistant Prof., Dept. of Horticultural Sciences and Landscape Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran,

3 Professor, Dept. of Horticultural Sciences and Landscape Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

Abstract

Abstract

 

Background and objectives: Aeluropus is one of the native halophytes of Iran that can absorb, transfer and excrete salt through the saline glands. Bisphenol A (BPA) is found in the effluents of municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants, surface, and groundwater and due to estrogenic activity, it increases testicular and breast cancer. Grass species are suitable for phytoremediation because of their root system. 

 

Materials and methods: This study was conducted to investigate the Morphophysiological response of Iranian native Aeluropus littoralis to BPA in symbiosis with mycorrhizal as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized block design with 48 pots. Treatments included 4 concentrations of BPA (0, 5, 10, and 15 ppm), 2 levels of mycorrhizal inoculation (non-mycorrhizal plants, and plants inoculated with glomus mosseae) and 3 repeats (2 plants per repeat). The seeds were placed in a transplant culture tray containing a mixture of sand, vermiculite, and soil (1: 1: 1) and irrigated 1 month. In the next step, the seedlings were transferred to another pot (bucket 4) to perform mycorrhizal fungal treatments, so that 5 g of mycorrhiza was added to the soil of each pot, and then the BPA pollutant was treated with irrigation water for two months.

 

Results: The results showed that the effect of BPA was different depending on the concentration. Leaf area, number of stems, number of leaves and height increased at a concentration of 5 ppm and this concentration did not show a significant difference with 10 ppm treatment, but with increasing concentration to 15 ppm, a decreasing effect on these traits was observed. As the BPA concentration increased to10 ppm, the root dry weight, root area, and root volume increased. Root length, chlorophyll concentration, ion leakage up to 5 ppm did not differ significantly, and at higher concentrations the root length and chlorophyll concentration decreased and ion leakage increased. Root wet weight and RWC increased with increasing contamination to a concentration of 10 ppm, but decreased at concentrations of 10 and 15 ppm. As the concentration of BPA increased, the percentage of BPA soil uptake by the plant decreased and the cumulative amount of BPA (leaf and root) increased. With a threefold increase in the concentration of the contaminant, leaf bisphenol A doubled. The effects of mycorrhiza on all non-height traits were significant. Plants inoculated with mycorrhiza had lower ionic leakage than non-inoculated plants, and the rest of the traits evaluated in inoculated plants increased.

 

Conclusion: In plants inoculated with mycorrhiza, the BPA in the leaves and the absorption of BPA from the soil were 30% and 40% higher, respectively, than the non-inoculated plants. The inoculated plants were able to absorb more BPA. Aeluropus can absorb up to 80 percent of the soil's BPA and excrete it through its salt glands through its transfer to the shoots, indicating this plant's high compatibility and resistance to BPA contaminants.

 

Keywords

References

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Journal of Plant Production Research
Volume 28, Issue 2
August 2021
Pages 147-165

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