Impact of spraying nano-fertilizers and salinity stress on leaf and seed nutrient concentrations and physiological traits in in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa)

Document Type : scientific research article

Authors

1 Dept. of Plant Production and Genetic Engineering, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

2 Associate Prof., Dept. of Plant Production and Genetic Engineering, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

3 Associate Prof., Dept. of Agricultural Sciences, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Abstract
Background and objectives: Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) is a like-cereal plant with high nutritional value and tolerant of abiotic stresses. Quinoa has recently been recommended by the Ministry of Agriculture-Jahad for cultivation in saline areas with limited water supply, but there are not many studies on the growth characteristics and nutritional needs of this plant in the country. Nanotechnology has made possiblity to use nutrients and reduces the cost of environmental protection. Salinity stress is one of the most important limitations of crop growth in arid and semiarid regions. Due to the importance of salinity stress, nano- fertilizer and quinoa plant, this experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of spraying different nano-fertilizers on leaf and seed nutrient concentrations and some physiological traits in quinoa under salinity stress.
Materials and methods: This experiment was carried out as a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications in the research farm of Urmia University in the pot during 2017. The first factor was salinity stress (Lake Urmia water was used) at three levels (0, 16 and 32 dS /m) and the second factor was nano-fertilizers at five levels (calcium, silica, zinc, potassium and control (no foliar application). To determine the amount of potassium and sodium, first standard solutions of each of these elements were prepared and the concentration of the elements was read by the flame-photometer (Clinical pfp7 model) by flame diffusion method, first the standards and then the main samples. Measurements of calcium and zinc were also read by atomic absorption spectrometer (model AA-6300). Statistical analysis of data using SAS software Ver. 9.1 and MATATC were performed and the means were compared by LSD test at the level of 5%.
Results: Results showed that salinity stress of 32 and 16 dS/m compared to control traits leaf calcium (56 and 53%), seed calcium (52 and 48), chlorophyll a (32 and 14%) and chlorophyll b (28, 12%) decreased respectively; but the amount of seed zinc content (45 and 36%), carotenoids (30 and 18%), proline (33 and 15%), soluble sugars (24 and 8%), seed sodium (20 and 19%) and leaf sodium (56 and 48%), increased respectively. Foliar application of nanofertilizers in comparison with the control increased the amount of seed calcium, seed zinc, chlorophyll a and b and proline content. The highest amount on leaf zinc (67.66 mg/kg) were obtained from the treatment without salinity and spraying with zinc nanofertilizer. Also, the highest amounts of seed potassium (1.95%) and leaf potassium (3.86%) were obtained under salinity stress of 16 dS/m and foliar application of calcium and potassium, respectively.

Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated that different levels of salinity stress caused negative effects on all traits affecting quinoa growth. The highest reduction in traits was observed in salinity stress of 32 dS/m. Spraying with nano-fertilizer via enhancing chlorophyll and proline content, seed zinc and calcium led to increase total dry weight and seed yield of quinoa. Therefore, to improve the yield of quinoa especially in salinity stress conditions, spraying of nano-fertilizers is suggested.

Keywords

References

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Journal of Plant Production Research
Volume 28, Issue 3
November 2021
Pages 103-116

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