Evaluation of physical and chemical properties of substrate components in the production process of Shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler)

Document Type : scientific research article

Authors

1 M.Sc. Student, Dept. of Horticulture and Landscape, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran

2 Assistant Prof., Dept. of Horticulture and Landscape, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran

3 Assistant Prof., Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Recourses, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Qazvin, Iran

4 Associate Prof., Dept. of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran,

5 Ph.D. Student of Agroecology, Dept. of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran

6 Ph.D. Student of Biology and Soil Biotechnology, Dept. of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran

Abstract

Background and objectives: Although wood chip substrate has been reported as a suitable substrate for growing shiitake mushroom but easy access as well as the lower cost of other agricultural and industrial lignocellulosic wastes have led to the introduction of a suitable alternatives. Due to the fact that the type of substrate used in the cultivation of Shiitake mushroom has a significant effect on the amount of protein and other chemical and medicinal properties of the fruit bodies, so in this study, we tried to investigate the physical and chemical changes of the substrate during the cultivation period of this fungus. To investigate the relationship between vegetative, reproductive growth, nutritional and medicinal value of Shiitake mushroom with different substrates and to introduce the best substrate for cultivation of this fungus.
Materials and methods: This research was conducted in Zabol University from 2019-20. This study was conducted as a two-way factorial based on a completely randomized design with three replicates. Physical and chemical properties of the substrate were measured in two stages before spawn inoculation and after harvest of the fungus (consumed compost). Also, traits related to fruit bodies were evaluated as an average of two folds.
Results: The nutritional value of the substrate is increased by adding organic supplements such as wheat bran, cottonseed meal and soybean meal to the substrates of poplar wood chips and sugarcane bagasse enriched with chemical additives such as potassium nitrate and magnesium sulfate. Therefore, fungal myceliums transfer more nutrients to the fruit body and increase the amount of Ergosterol (479.6), antioxidant capacity (40.1%) and total polysaccharide (10.95) of the fruit bodeis produced on these substrates than other substrates. Substrates containing poplar wood chips, wheat bran and cottonseed meal enriched with chemical additives had the highest yield (294.8). High levels of potassium (398.6) in the fruiting body of the mushrooms were obtained from substrates containing sugarcane bagasse, Date palm sawdust and vine sawdust. Also, high amounts of fruit bodies calcium (14.3) were observed in fungi harvested from substrates containing poplar wood chips, wheat bran and sugarcane bagasse. By measuring the percentage of decomposition changes in different agro-wastes used in this study in the pre-spawn Run stage and after the production of Shiitake fruiting bodies, it was determined that the amounts of Nitrogen, protein, ash and EC of the substrate increased and in contrast the values of pH, carbon and carbon to nitrogen ratio, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin of the substrate decreased during the cultivation period of shiitake mushroom.
Conclusion: Agro-wastes and wood chips of forest trees have high amounts of lignin and high carbon to nitrogen ratio, and also the lack of complete degradability of these compounds, makes the fungal mycelium not able to fully absorb nutrients in the substrate. Therefore, in order to modulate the carbon to nitrogen ratio and also increase the activity of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin degrading enzymes and increase the bioconversion efficiency (substrate to basidiocarp conversion), use of mixed substrates and organic and inorganic supplements in culture and production of Shiitake mushroom is recommended.

Keywords

References

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Journal of Plant Production Research
Volume 28, Issue 3
November 2021
Pages 131-146

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