Role of Pseudomonas fluorescens in mitigating salinity stress in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) through physio-biochemical responses

Document Type : scientific research article

Author

Corresponding Author, Dept. of Plant Protection, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran

Abstract

Background and objectives: Salinity is an agricultural problem of great concern, at which, about one third of the world’s irrigated land is not in use. Several microorganisms such as fluorescent Pseudomonas, known to have the ability to tolerate high salt concentrations. Among these microorganisms, Pseudomonas fluorescens is plant growth promoting rhizobacterium and lives in the plant rhizosphere. This study was executed to evaluate the impact of Pseudomonas fluorescens on growth parameters and some biochemical constituents related to salinity in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Arak 12811 cultivar under salt stress.


Materials and methods: Treatments, four levels salinity stress factor with sodium chloride salt (0, 5, 25, 50 and 150 mM) and two level inoculation factor (control and bacterium) as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with four replications was designed. Safflower seeds coated with growth promoting bacteria with 5% cellulose carboxymethyl and the plants grow in pots under different salt levels. After 40 days, root and shoot dry weight and relative water content measured under salt levels and bacterial inoculations. Also changes of chlorophyll a and b, carotenoides, proline, soluble sugars, glycine betaine and malondialdehyde contents were measured by chlorometric analysis.

Results: The results showed that an increase in NaCl concentration in the nutrient solution reduced the height, shoot and root dry weight and chlorophyll a and b content in soybean plants while the amount of proline, soluble sugars, glycine betaine and malondialdehyde, increased. Safflower plants inoculated with P. fluorescens gave the highest significant increment in plant height, stem and root dry weights, chlorophyll a and b, carotenoides and relative water content under saline and non-saline conditions. Negative correlation between relative water content and total soluble sugars, glycine betaine and proline, show osmolytes accumulation for continued water uptake and reduced osmotic stress. The highest significant activity of proline, total soluble sugars and glycine betaine were recorded with inoculated plants irrigated with 150 mM NaCl solution. The bacterium inhibited malondialdehyde accumulation and decreased lipid peroxidation. Overall, this research revealed that seedlings inoculated with promoting growth bacterium until 50 mM salinity has provided most optimal performance and efficiency.

Conclusion: The present results revealed increases in safflower plant growth and biochemical constituents related to salinity by using of P. fluorescens, which could be suggested for improve plant salinity stress resistance.

Conclusion: The present results revealed increases in safflower plant growth and biochemical constituents related to salinity by using of P. fluorescens, which could be suggested for improve plant salinity stress resistance.

Keywords

References

1.Ahmad, P., Ozturk, M., Sharma, S. and Gucel, S. 2014. Effect of sodium carbonate-induced salinity-alkalinity on some key smoprotectants, proteinprofile, antioxidant enzymes, and lipid peroxidation in two mulberry (Morus alba l.) cultivars. J. Plant Interact.9: 460-467.
2.Ahmad, P., Hashem, A., Abd-Allah, E.F., Alqarawi, A.A., John, R., Egamberdieva, D. and Gucel, S. 2015. Role of Trichoderma harzianum in mitigating NaCl stress in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L) through antioxidative defense system. Front. Plant Sci. 6: 1-15.
3.Akram, W., Anjum, T. and Ali, B. 2016. Phenylacetic acid is ISR determinant produced by Bacillus fortis IAGS162, which involves extensive re-modulation in metabolomics of tomato to protect against Fusarium wilt. Front. Plant Sci. 19: 1-12.
4.Alqarawi, A.A., Abd Allah, E.F., Hashem, A., Al HuqailAsma, A., Abdulaziz, A. and Al-Sahli, A.A. 2014. Impact of abiotic salt stress on some metabolic activities of Ephedra alata Decne. J. Food Agric. Environ. 12: 620-625.
5.Amooaghaie, R. and Nikandish, F. 2015. Effect of root inoculation of two alfalfa cultivars with strains of Bacillus and Sinorhizobium species on growth, chlorophyll content and cell membrane stability under salinity stress. J. Plant Res. 28: 140-152.
6.Bahary, H., Pirdashty, H.A. and Yaghobian, Y. 2018. Response of chlorophyll fluorescence and physiological parameters of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) to plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) under salinity stress. J. Plant Process Func. 6: 89-104.
7.Bakker, P.A.H.M., Pieterse, C.M.J. and van Loon, L.C. 2007. Induced systemic resistance by fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. Phytopathology. 97: 239-243.
8.Bates, L.S., Waldren, R.P. and Teare, L.D. 1973. Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant Soil. 39: 205-207.
9.Cha-um, S., Batin, C.B., Samphumphung, T. and Kidmanee, C. 2013. Physio-morphological changes of cowpea (‘Vigna unguiculata’ Walp.) and jack bean (‘Canavalia ensiformis’ (L.) DC.) in responses to soil salinity. Aust. J. Crop Sci. 7: 2128-2135.
10.Contreras-Cornejo, H.A., Macías-Rodríguez, L., Cortés-Penagos, C. and LÓpezBucio, J. 2009. Trichoderma virens, a plant beneficial fungus, enhances biomass production and promotes lateral root growth through an auxin dependent mechanism in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 149: 1579-1592.
11.Egamberdieva, D., Jabborova, D. and Hashem, A. 2015. Pseudomonas induces salinity tolerance in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) and resistance to Fusarium root rot through the modulation of indole-3-acetic acid. Saudi J. Biol. Sci. 22: 773-779.
12.Egamberdieva, D., Berg, G., LindstrÖm, K. and Räsänen, L.A. 2013. Alleviation of salt stress of symbiotic Galega officinalis L. (goat’s rue) by co-inoculation of rhizobium with root colonising Pseudomonas. Plant Soil. 369: 453-465.
13.Geholt, H.S., Purohit, A. and Shekhawat, N.S. 2005. Metabolic changes and protein patterns associated with adaptation to salinity in Sesamun indicum cultivars. J. Cell Mol. Biol.4: 31-39.
14.Grattan, S.R. and Grieve, C.M. 1992. Mineral element acquisition and growth response of plants grown in saline environments. Agric. Ecol. Environ.38: 275-300.
15.Hanson, A.D., May, A., Grumet, M.R., Bode, J., Jamieson, G.C. and Rhods, D. 2007. Betaine synthesis in chenopods: Localization in chloroplasts. Proceedings of the National Academic of Science USA. 82: 3678-3682.
16.Javid, M.G., Sorooshzadeh, A., Moradi, F. and Allahdadi, I. 2011. The role of phytohormones in alleviating salt stress in crop plants. Aust. J. Crop Sci. 5: 726-734.
17.Khan, M.A., Ungar, I.A. and Showalters, A.M. 2000. The effect of salinity on the growth, water status, and ion content of a leaf succulent perennial halophyte, Suaeda fruticosa (L.). Forssk. J. Arid Environ. 45: 73-84.
18.Kochert, G. 1978. Carbohydrate determination by the phenol sulfuric acid method. P 56-97, In: J.A. Helebust and J.S. Craig, (ed.), Handbook of Phycological Method,. Cambridge Univ. Press. Cambridge.
19.Koushafar, M., Khoshgoftarmanesh, A.H., Moezzi, A.A. and Mobli, M. 2011. Effect of dynamic unequal distribution of salts in the root environment on performance and crop per drop (CPD) of hydroponic-grown tomato. Sci. Hort. 131: 1-5.
20.Li, Y. 2009. Physiological responsesof tomato seedlings (Lycopersicon esculentum) to salt stress. Mod. Appl. Sci. 3: 171-176.
21.Lichtenthaler, H.K. 1994. Chlorophylls and carotenoid pigments of photosynthetic Biol. Membrane. Method Enzymol. 148: 350-382.
22.Ludwig-Müller J. 2011. Auxin conjugates: their role for plant development and in the evolution of land plants. J. Exp. Bot. 62: 1757-1773.
23.Manaf, H.H. and Zayed, M.N. 2015. Productivity of cowpea as affected by salt stress in presence of endomycorrhizae and Pseudomonas fluorescens. Ann. Agric. Sci. 60: 219-226.
24.Mastouri, F., Bjorkman, T. andHarman, G.E. 2012. Trichoderma harzianum enhances antioxidant defense of tomato seedlings and resistance to water deficit. Mol. Plant Microbiol. Interac. 25: 1264-1271.
25.Mishra, A. and Choudhuri, M.A. 1999. Effects of salicylic acid on heavymetal-induced membrane deterioration mediated by lipoxygenase in rice.Biol. Plant. 42: 409-415.
26.Munns, R., James, R.A. and Läuchli, A. 2006. Approaches to increasing the salt tolerance of wheat and other cereals.
J. Exp. Bot. 57: 1025-1043.
27.Nakano, Y. and Asada, K. 1987. Purification of ascorbate peroxidasein spinach chloroplast: in inactivationin ascorbate-depleted medium and reactivation by monodehydroascorbate radical. J. Plant Cell Physiol.28: 131-140.
28.Pandey, D.M., Goswami, C.L. and Kumar, B. 2004. Physiological effects of plant hormones in cotton under drought. Biol. Plant. 47(4): 535-540.
29.Patten, C.L. and Glick, B.R. 2002. Role of pseudomonas putida indoleacetic acid in development of the host plant
root system. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68: 3795-3801.
30.Peltzer, D., Dreyer, E. and Polle,A. 2002. Differrential temperature dependencies of antioxidative enzymes in two contrasting species. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 40: 141-150.
31.Petti, C., Reiber, K., Ali, S.S., Berney, M. and Doohan, F.M. 2012. Auxin as a player in the biocontrol of Fusarium head blight disease of barley and its potential as a disease control agent. BMC Plant Biol. 12: 224.
32.Popham, P.L. and Novacky, A. 1990. Use of dimethylsulfoxide to detect hydroxyl radical during bacteria- induced hypersensitive reaction. Plant Physiology. 96: 1157-1160.
33.Pusztahelyi, T., Holb, I.J. and Pocsi, I. 2015. Secondary metabolites in fungus-plant interactions. Front. Plant Sci.
6: 1-23.
34.Ramalingam, R. and In-Jung, L. 2013. Ameliorative effects of spermine against osmotic stress through antioxidants and abscisic acid changes in soybeanpods and seeds. Acta Physiol. Plant.35: 263-269.
35.Rezaei-Chiyaneh, E., Jamali, M., Pirzad, A. and Tofig, S. 2015. Effect of mycorrhizal fungi on some morphophysiological characters and yield of summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.) in salt stress conditions.J. Plant Process Func. 5: 15-29.
36.Schonfield, M.P., Richard, J.C.,Carver, B.P. and Mornhi, N.W. 1988. Water relations in winter wheat as drought resistance indicators. Crop Sci. 28: 526-531.
37.Sharaf, E.F. and Farrag, A.A. 2004. Induced resistance in tomato plants by IAA against Fusarium oxysporum lycopersici. Pol. J. Microbiol. 53: 111-116.
38.Shoresh, M., Mastouri, F. and Harman, G. 2010. Induced systemic resistance and plant responses to fungal biocontrol agents. Ann. Rev. Phytopathol. 48: 21-43.
39.Thompson, D.C., Clarke, B.B. and Kobayashi, D.Y. 1996. Evaluation of bacterial antagonistists for reduction of summer patch symptoms in Kentucky bluegrass. Plant Dis. 80: 856-862.
40.van Dam, N.M. 2009. How plants cope with biotic interactions. Plant Biol.11: 1-5.
41.Yao, L., Zhan, W. and Zheng, Y. 2010. Growth promotion and protection against salt stress by Pseudomonas putida Rs198 on cotton. Eur. J. Soil Biol. 46: 49-54.
Journal of Plant Production Research
Volume 28, Issue 4
February 2022
Pages 25-41

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics