Evaluation of phytochemical properties, photosynthetic pigments and antioxidants of faba bean (Vicia faba L.), peas (pisum sativum L.) and potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in monoculture and intercropping

Document Type : scientific research article

Authors

1 Ph.D. student of Agronomy, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran and Scientific member of Seed and Plant Improvement Research Dept., Mazandaran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricu

2 Corresponding Author, Dept. of Agronomy, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran

3 . Dept. of Agronomy, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran

4 Research Assistant Professor, Soil and Water Research Department, Mazandaran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Sari, Iran.

Abstract

Background and objectives: Soil pollution with heavy metals and its transfer to agricultural products is expanding as a global problem. Cadmium is one of the heavy metals that increase its concentration in the root environment of the plant causes metabolic disorders in the plant. Studies have shown that the use of intercropping systems while increasing diversity, increasing yield, improving resource efficiency, reducing weed damage, pests and diseases(such as Uromyces and Botrytis Vicia-Faba), increasing the stability of the system follows.This study investigates the effect of different levels of cadmium on plant pigments as one of the effective factors in the process of photosynthesis, as well as the amounts of phenol and flavonoid compounds and antioxidant activity in legumes (faba beans, peas) and potatoes in monoculture and intercropping culture.
Materials and methods: The pot experiment was carried out as a factorial based on a completely randomized design with 4 replications at Gaemshar Agricultural Research Station, Mazandaran province during two agronomic seasons 2018-2019 examined in pot conditions. Treatments were included planting pattern at five levels of monoculture potato, faba bean, pea and Intercropping (potato+fabaBean), (potato+ pea) and five cadmium concentrations of 0 (control), 5, 10, 20 and 30 milligrams of cadmium per kilogram of soil as cadmium nitrate was added to the soil. For this purpose, methanolic extract was prepared from the dried leaves of the studied plants. Total phenols and flavonoids were assayed by spectrophotometry and the antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated by free radical scavenging methods (DPPH).Statistical analysis was performed using SAS software and comparison of means was performed by Duncan's multiple range test at the level of one and five percent probability and graphs were drawn using SigmaPlot and Excel software.
Results: The results showed that different cadmium concentrations had a significant effect on the amount of photosynthetic pigments (P≤0.01). The reduction trend of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids was plinomial. With the application of the highest level of cadmium (30 mg of cadmium in the soil), carotenoids, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b were significantly reduced.In concentration of 30 mg of cadmium in soil, the amount of chlorophyll a in the faba bean reached 3.84 mg/kg soil. In other words, with increasing the concentration of cadmium in the soil, the amount of chlorophyll a decreased by 83.07%. The decrease in total chlorophyll due to cadmium may be due to the inhibitory effect on the activity of its molecules. Total chlorophyll of faba bean with increasing concentrations of cadmium (from 5 to 30 mg soil) was a significant decrease. The sensitive treatments to increasing cadmium concentration were faba beans (7.66 mg/kg soil), potatoes (9.19 mg/kg soil) and chickpeas (9.28 mg/kg soil), respectively. In this study, faba bean plant had the highest mean of phenol (0.1643 mg que/g DW) and intercropping culture (potato+bean) had the highest flavonoids (0.00814 mg que/g DW) and antioxidant (56.03 %) obtained in the treatment of 30 mg of cadmium per kg of soil.
Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate a significant difference between the different treatments in terms of the total amount of phenolic and flavonoid compounds that the existence of such diversity can indicate the role of plants and genetics in the production of these compounds. with increasing the concentration of cadmium, the amount of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b pigments was significantly reduced. In general, from the findings of this study, it can be concluded that these plants, cadmium toxicity in all three plants led to the induction of phenolic compounds.

Keywords

References

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Journal of Plant Production Research
Volume 29, Issue 3
November 2022
Pages 49-68

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