Herbicide Screening for Weed Control in Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)

Document Type : scientific research article

Author

Corresponding Author, Plant Protection Research Department, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Mashhad, Iran

Abstract

Background and objectives: Quinoa (Chenpodium quinoa Willd.) is an herbaceous flowering annual plant in the amaranth family grown as a crop primarily for its valuable seeds; the seeds are rich in protein, fibers, vitamins, and minerals in amounts greater than in many grains. Because of drought and salt tolerance, Quinoa can be cultivated in the areas affected by drought and salt stress conditions in the country. Weeds are the major obstacles in increasing the productivity of Quinoa. Since now, there has been no remarkable research and suitable herbicides available for weed control in Quinoa fields during the post-emergence stage. The aim of the present study was to screening the herbicides already registered for weed control in different crops rather than quinoa, and to test the possible tolerance of quinoa to the applied herbicides for secure and safe herbicide recommendations.
Materials and methods: A field study was conducted for screening and selection of possible herbicides to be used for chemical weed control in quinoa fields of Astan Ghods Razavi, in Anabad, located in Bardascan in Khorasan Razavi province, Iran, in 2019. Herbicides were sprayed as post emergence (foliar applied) at 4-6 leafy stage of quinoa by matabi® rechargeable sprayer calibrated to deliver 350 l ha-1 of spray solution. The layout was a completely randomized block design with three replicates. Treatments were post emergence application of atrazine (800 g a i ha-1), metribuzin (525 g a i ha-1), phenmedipham+ desmedipham+ ethofumesate (822 g a i ha-1), quizalofop tefuryl (60 g a i ha-1), clethodim (96 g a i ha-1), haloxyfop methyl (104 g a i ha-1), acetochlor (228 g a i ha-1), bensulfuron methyl (30 g a i ha-1), bentazon (1440 g a i ha-1), queen merak+ metazachlor (1040 g a i ha-1), clopyralid (225 g a i ha-1), 2, 4-D + dicamba (698 g a i ha-1), imazethapyr (100 g a i ha-1), isoxaflutole+ thiencarbazone methyl (232.5 g a i ha-1), ethofumesate (1250 g a i ha-1), oxadiazone (360 g a i ha-1), oxyfluorfen (360 g a i ha-1), pendimethalin (Prol®) (675 and 1350 g a i ha-1), sethoxydim (375 g a i ha-1), sulfosulfuron (19.95 g a i ha-1), clodinafop (192 g a i ha-1), tribenuron methyl (15 g a i ha-1), rimsulfuron+ nicosulfuron (131.25 g a i ha-1) plus hand weeding and untreated control.
Results: Two weeks after herbicide spray, no visual injury were observed on quinoa when sprayed with clethodim, quizalofop tefuryl, clodinafop, haloxyfop methyl, sethoxydim and pendimethalin (675 g a i ha-1). Severe visual damage (100% injury) however, observed on quinoa when sprayed with atrazine, metribuzin, phenmedipham+ desmedipham+ ethofumesate, oxyfluorfen, bentazon and oxadiazone. The rest of the herbicides were rated in between. Quinoa grain yield when sprayed with clethodim (3190.7 kg ha-1) and quizalofop tefuryl (2674.7 kg ha-1) were not significantly different from hand weeding (3346.7 kg ha-1). But application of atrazine, metribuzin, phenmedipham+ desmedipham+ ethofumesate, oxyfluorfen, bentazon and 2, 4-D + dicamba yielded to complete quinoa death. Quinoa grain yield when sprayed with bensulfuron methyl (1402.7 kg ha-1), imazethapyr (1184 kg ha-1), clopyralid (1402.7 kg ha-1) and pendimethalin (784 and 964 kg ha-1 at doses of 675 and 1350 g a i ha-1, respectively) were promising results while still significantly lower than that of hand weeding control.
Conclusion: Application of quizalofop-tefuryl and clotidim can be recommended to be used for weed control in quinoa. Besides application of haloxyfop methyl, sethoxydim, clodinafop, bensulfuron methyl, imazethapyr, clopyralid, pendimethalin and queen merak+ metazachlor showed promising results but still more experimentation need to be done for final recommendation.

Keywords

References

1.Jacobsen, S.E., Mujica, A. and Jensen, C.R. 2003. The resistance of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) to adverse abiotic factors. Food Rev. Int. 19: 99-109.
2.Sun, Y., Liu, F., Bendevis, M., Shabala, S. and Jacobsen, S.E. 2014. Sensitivity of two quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) varieties to progressive drought stress.J. Agron. Crop Sci. 200:12-23.
3.Adolf, V.I., Jacobsen, S.E. and Shabala, S. 2013. Salt tolerance mechanisms in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). Environ. Exp. Bot. 92: 43-54.
4.Bohm, J., Messerer, M., Muller, H.M., Scholz-Starke, J., Gradogna, A., Scherzer, S., Maierhofer, T., Bazihizina, N., Zhang, H., Stigloher, C., Ache, P., Al-Rasheid, K.A.S., Mayer, K.F.X., Shabala, S., Carpaneto, A., Haberer, G., Zhu, J.K. and Hedrich, R. 2018. Understanding the molecular basis of salt sequestration in epidermal bladder cells of Chenopodium quinoa. Current Biology 28: 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2018.08.004.
5.FAO. 2013. The International Year of Quinoa. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. http://www.fao.org/quinoa-2013/en/.
6.Liang, X., Rogers, C.W., Rashed, A., Schroeder, K. and Hutchinson, P.J.S. 2016. Adopting Quinoa in Southeastern Idaho. University of Idaho. BUL 902. 6p.
7.Li, G. and Zhu, F. 2018. Quinoa starch: structure, properties, and applications. Carbohydrate Polymers. 181: 851-861.
8.Nowak, V., Du, J. and Charrondiere, U.R. 2016. Assessment of the nutritional composition of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). Food Chemistry. 193: 47-54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.02.111.
9.Romano, A. and Ferranti, P. 2018. Sustainable Crops for Food Security: Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). Reference Module in Food Sciences. 10.1016/B978-0-08-100596-5.22573-0. Elsevior Ltd.
10.Valencia-Chamorro, S.A. 2016.The Legumes and Pseudocereals, Quinoa. Reference Module in Food Sciences. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ B978-0-08-100596-5.00041-X. Elsevior Ltd.
11.Jacobsen, S.E., Christiansen, J.L. and Rasmussen, J. 2010. Weed harrowing and inter-row hoeing in organic grown quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). Outlook on Agriculture. 39: 223-227.
12.Buckland, K.R., Reeve, J.R., Creech, J.E. and Durham, S.L. 2018. Managing soil fertility and health for quinoa production and weed control in organic systems. Soil and Tillage Research,184: 52-61.
13.Miller, T. 2014. Quinoa weed control trials, WSU Mount Vernon NWREC. http://ir4.rutgers.edu/Fooduse/PerfData/3974.pdf. (Accessed 12 Nov 2018).
14.Karaminejad, M.R., Minbashi, M., Afzal-Vatan, M. and Jabbari, S. 2019. Quinoa (chenopodium quinoa) reaction to some herbicides broad-leaf weed control. 8th Iranian Weed Science Congress, Mashhad, Iran, 27-28 Auguest. (In Persian)
15.Nurse, R.E., Obeid, K. and Page, E.R. 2016. Optimal planting date, row width, and critical weed-free period for grain amaranth and quinoa grown in Ontario, Canada. Can. J. Plant Sci. 96: 360-366.
16.Bianchi, L., Anunciato, V.M., Gazola, T., Perissato, S.M., Dias, R.C., Tropaldi, L. Carbonari, C.A. and Velini E.D. 2020. Effects of glyphosate and clethodim alone and in mixture in sourgrass (Digitaria insularis). Crop Protect. 138: 105322. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/ j.cropro.2020.105322.
17.Bijanzadeh, E., Ghadiri, H. and Behpouri, A. 2010. Effect oftrifluralin, pronamide, haloxyfop-pmethyl, propaquizafop, andisoxaben on weed control and oilseed rape yield in Iran. Crop Protect. 29: 808-812.
18.Matyjaszczyk, E. 2020. Protection possibilities of agricultural minor crops in the European Union: a case study
of soybean, lupin and camelina. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection.127: 55-61.
19.Szekacs, A. 2021. Herbicide mode of action. P 41-86, In: R. Mesnage and J. Zaller (eds), Herbicides chemistry, efficacy, toxicology, and environmental impacts, Elsevier, North Carolina.
20.Aliverdi, A. and Ahmadvand, G. 2018. The effect of nozzle type on clodinafop-propargyl potency against winter wild oat. Crop Protect. 114: 113-119.
21.Zand, E., Baghestani, M.A., Shimi, P., Nezamabadi, N., Mosavi, M.R. and Mosavi, K. 2012. Guide for weed control methods in important crops and fruit gardens in Iran. Mashhad Jahad Daneshgahi Press. 176p. (In Persian)
22.Joshi, V., Suyal, A., Srivastava, A. and Srivastava, P.C. 2019. Role of organic amendments in reducing leaching of sulfosulfuron through wheat crop cultivated soil. Emerg Conta. 5: 4-8.
23.Ribeiro, V.H.V., Maia, L.G.S., Arneson, N.J., Oliveira, M.C., Read H.W., Ane, J.M., dos Santos, J.B. and Werle, R. 2020. Influence of PRE-emergence herbicides on soybean development, root nodulation and symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Crop Protect. 144: 105576. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2021.105576.
24.Santel, H.J. 2012. Thiencarbazone-methyl (TCM) and Cyprosulfamide (CSA) – a new herbicide and a new safener for use in corn. 25th German Conference on Weed Biology and Weed Control, March 13-15, Braunschweig, Germany. DOI: 10.5073/jka.2012. 434. 062.
25.Zand, E., Baghestani, M.A., Nezam-Abadi, N. and Shimi, P. 2010. Herbicides and important weeds of Iran. Nashr-Daneshgahi Press. Tehran. (In Persian)
26.Aladesanwa, R.D. and Akinbobola, T.N. 2008. Effects of lime on the herbicidal efficacy of atrazine and yield response of maize (Zea mays L.) under field conditions in southwestern Nigeria. Crop Protect. 27: 926-931.
27.Maes, V., Vettier, A., Dedourge-Geffard, O., Geffard, A., Paris-Palacios, S., Betoulle, S. and David E. 2014. Effect of ethofumesate herbicide on energy metabolism in roach (Rutilus rutilus). Journal of Xenobiotics. 4: 81-84.
28.Smith, J.M. and Cromarck, H.T.H. 1993: Weed control in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) and coriander (Coriandrum sativum). Brighton Crop Protection Conference - Weeds. Proceedings of an international conference, Brighton, UK, 22-25 November, 3: 1073-1078.
29.Cowbrough, M. 2016. Crop injury and yield response of quinoa to applications of various herbicides. Crop Advances: Field Crop Reports. http://www. ontariosoilcrop.org/wp-content/ uploads/ 2016/02/V12-2015CrpAdv_Gen3_Crop-Injury-and-Yield-Response-of-Quinoa-to-Applications-of-Various-Herbicides. pdf (Accessed 7 Nov 2018).
30.Kakabouki, I., Karkanis, A., Travlosc, I.S., Hela, D., Papastylianou, P., Wu, H., hachalis, D., Sestras, R. and Bilalis, D. 2015. Weed flora and seed yield in quinoa crop (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) as affected by tillage systems and fertilization practices. Int. J. Pest Manag. 61: 228-234.
31.Dhammu, H. 2021. Executive summary, Quinoa as a new crop to Australia, stage 2. AgriFutures Australia Publication No. 21-019. 10p. https://www.agrifutures. com.au/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/21-019.pdf (Accessed 27 Aug 2021).
Journal of Plant Production Research
Volume 29, Issue 3
November 2022
Pages 89-104

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics