Document Type : scientific research article
Authors
1
Master graduate, Department of Horticulture and Landscape, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran.
2
Ph. D. student of Biology and soil Biotechnology, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
3
Assistant Professor of Department of Horticulture and landscaping, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol , Iran.
4
Assistant Professor of Horticulture Science, Department of Horticulture and landscaping, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran.
5
1Institute of Agricultural Research, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran.
6
Ph.D. graduate, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract
Background and objectives: The garden thyme plant (Thymus vulgaris L.) belongs to the mint family (Lamiaceae). Garden thyme is considered as a valuable, important and useful plant in the cosmetic and health, therapeutic and medical industries due to having a large amount of effective substances. The purpose of this study was to improve branch processing, produce quality seedlings and reduce the effects of intra-glass stresses such as high humidity, increasing Ethylene concentration in the micro-climate inside the glass and mechanical damage to the explant tissue. Also, limited studies have been done in relation to the in vitro propagation of this plant.
Materials and methods: To investigate the effects of ventilation, silica and sucrose concentration on the in vitro growth and development of garden thyme (T. vulgaris), a research was carried out under a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design, where the first factor included ventilation at two different levels (with ventilation (0.4 micron head filters were used to carry out the ventilation treatment, which were installed in the lid of the planting containers) and without ventilation) The second factor included silica with four levels (0, 1.5, 3 and 6 mg/L), the third factor included sucrose with three levels (7.5, 15 and 30 g/L) and control (no ventilation). The culture medium used was Murashige and Skoog, which was supplemented with 1 mg/L of kinetin, 0.3 mg/L of gibberellic acid and 8 g/L of agar. The pH of the culture medium was adjusted to 5.8 before autoclaving. The explants used were single nodes of the stem, which were prepared from a growing mass. Traits include: number of branches, branch length, internode length, number of leaves, branch weight, branch dry weight, branch regeneration percentage, explant contamination percentage, root number, root length, root weight, root dry weight, root regeneration percentage, proline, antioxidant activity, plant pigments (chlorophyll, carotenoid, anthocyanin, flavonoid) and seedling survival percentage were measured and evaluated.
Results: The results of the effects of ventilation, silica and different concentrations of sucrose on the evaluated traits It showed that in the simple effects of root male weight, explant contamination percentage and seedling survival percentage in sucrose treatment and antioxidant trait in conditioning treatment and in double effects of root number, root regeneration percentage, root fresh weight, branch length , the number of stomata, flavonoid and chlorophyll b and in the triple effects of root dry weight, proline and chlorophyll a were significant at the 5% probability level. The results of variance analysis of the data showed that the treatments of ventilation, silica and sucrose concentration were not significant at the probability level of 5% in simple effects, but the double and triple effects of these factors had a significant effect on nitrogen (The treatment with 7.5 gr/L of sucrose and ventilation increased the percentage of nitrogen to 1.23).
Conclusion: The present research showed that the effects of ventilation, silica and sucrose concentration on the morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of garden thyme plant are different. The treatment of 15 gr/L of sucrose and 1.5 mg of silica along with no ventilation increased the growth parameters of garden thyme plant and branch length. Therefore, according to the obtained results, the use of silica can be considered economical compared to ventilation and it can be suggested as a combination to the culture solution to increase the yield and growth of T. vulgaris.
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