Stomatal characteristics, chlorophyll fluorescence, and physiological and phytochemical responses of three Cornflower cultivars (Centaurea cyanus) to ultraviolet A and B

Document Type : scientific research article

Authors

1 M.Sc. Graduate of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Iran.

2 Corresponding Author, Associate Prof., Dept. of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Iran.

3 Professor, Dept. of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Iran.

4 Assistant Prof., Dept. of Horticultural and Green Space Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Malayer University, Iran.

Abstract

Abstract
Background and objectives: Nowdays, because of human industrial activities, ozone layer depletion increases the amount of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation that reaches Earth’s surface; creating problems for living organisms. Since plants always need sunlight, the effects of UV radiation on plants are inescapable. The present study was conducted to evaluate the physiological, phytochemical and chlorophyll fluorescence responses and stomatal characteristics of three cornflower cultivars to UV radition in 2018.
Materials and Methods: The experiment was performed as a split plot in a completely randomized design. Ultraviolet light was considered as the first factor in four levels (control, ultraviolet A, ultraviolet B and ultraviolet A + B) and three cornflower cultivars as the second factor. When seedlings had four real leaves, the UV treatments were started by ultraviolet lamps made by Q-Lab company of the USA. At the end of experiment, physiological and phytochemichal traits including relative water content, electrolyte leakage, lipid peroxidation, chlorophyll a and b, carotenoid content, catalase and peroxidase activity, stomatal gurad cell length and width, stomatal index, stomatal density, chlorophyll fluorescence, phenol and flavonoid contents, anthocyanin, and antioxidant activity of extract were assayed. The analysis of variance was done using Minitab software according to the experimental desing. Mean comparison was performed using LSD test method at 0.05.
Results: The results showed that the amount of malondialdehyde, electrolyte leakage and antioxidant enzymes activity was increased under UV-B radiation. UV-B radiation decreased leaf chlorophyll content, but increased carotenoids. UV A had no significant effect on chlorophyll, while, increased carotenoids. Maximum fluorescence, variable fluorescence and maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem ІІ were reduced under UV treatment. In contrast, UV radiation increased the minimum of fluorescence. UV-B and UV-A+B radiation increased width of stomatal gurad cell, and stomatal index and density, but decreased length of stomatal gurad cell in cornflower. The amount of flavonoids, total phenol, anthocyanin and antioxidant activity of cornflowers increased by UV radiation. Among the cornflower cultivars studied, Kornblume blau cultivar had shown the highest values of total phenol, total flavonoids and anthocyanins as well as antioxidant activity.
Conclusion: In the present study, UV-B radiation and simultaneous UV-A+B radiation led to more extensive physiological and phytochemical responses in cornflower cultivars. Based on the results obtained in this study, it can be concluded that UV-B has more destructive effects than UV-A on cornflower. In the comparison between cultivars, it was found that Kornblume blau cultivar is more suitable for medicinal use due to its higher phytochemical compounds and biological activity.

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Main Subjects

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Journal of Plant Production Research
Volume 31, Issue 1
March 2024
Pages 1-22

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