The Effect of Planting Arrangement and Plant Density on the Yield of Non-dehiscent Sesame in Sari and Moghan

Document Type : scientific research article

Authors

1 Corresponding Author, Assistant Prof., Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.

2 Assistant Prof., Dept. of Horticulture and Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.

3 Assistant Prof., Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Mazandaran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Sari, Iran.

4 Assistant Prof., Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.

5 Assistant Prof., Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Ardabil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, (AREEO), Moghan, Iran.

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Although sesame has traditionally been grown in southern Iran's warm and arid regions, its desirable agronomic traits and economic profitability have led to increased interest in cultivating this crop in the northern regions. However, sesame often exhibits low performance due to poor agronomic management, environmental stress, and limited use of improved varieties. Therefore, the use of improved sesame varieties, mainly those resistant to shattering, along with proper agronomic management, maybe the key to successful cultivation in various parts of the country. The seed of a non-dehiscent sesame genotype (S29) was imported into the country in 2016. Several years of studies related to this genotype confirm that it is resistant to seed shattering. In this regard, the present study was designed and conducted to investigate the effects of planting arrangement and plant density on the performance of a non-dehiscent sesame genotype.
Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted in research fields located in Mazandaran (Sari) and Ardabil (Moghan) in 2020 and 2021. The effects of three planting row distances (30 cm, 45 cm, and 60 cm) and four plant spacing on the rows (5 cm, 8 cm, 11 cm, and 14 cm), with a minimum density of 12 plants per square meter to a maximum density of 67 plants per square meter, were evaluated in terms of plant height, number of branches, yield components, seed yield and oil percentage of the shattering-resistant sesame genotype. The experiment was set up in a randomized complete block design with split-plot arrangements and three replications in each location.
Results: The results showed that the highest plant height in both regions was achieved with a row distance of 45 cm and a plant spacing of 8 cm. Additionally, increasing plant density up to 45 plants per square meter resulted in increased plant height, but further increase in density decreased plant height. Decreasing the distance between planting rows and plant spacing, equivalent to increasing planting density, reduced the number of branches, capsules per plant, and seeds per capsule in both regions. The maximum seed yield in the Moghan region (1465 kg/ha) was obtained from the 45×8 cm arrangement. However, there was no significant difference compared to the yield obtained from the 45×5 cm planting arrangement. In contrast, the highest seed yield in the Sari region (824 kg/ha) was achieved with the planting arrangement of 30×14 cm. Based on regression analysis of seed yield, the optimum density was estimated to be 23 plants per square meter for the Moghan region and 31 plants per square meter for the Sari region.
Conclusion: The results indicated that the imported non-shattering sesame genotype did not exhibit desirable potential for cultivation in the Sari region due to its lower average yield than the regional average. However, in the Moghan region, this genotype showed a comparable average yield and even higher maximum yield (250 kg/ha) than the regional average, with the highest yield obtained from the 45×8 cm planting arrangement. Therefore, due to its suitable seed yield performance and the potential for mechanized harvesting, this genotype holds promise for cultivation in the Moghan region.

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References

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Journal of Plant Production Research
Volume 31, Issue 1
April 2024
Pages 171-188

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