Seasonal dynamics of nutrients in leaves of olive trees

Document Type : scientific research article

Authors

1 M.Sc. Graduate in Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.

2 Corresponding Author, Assistant Prof., Dept. of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.

3 Professor, Dept. of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.

Abstract

Background and Objective: The amount of leaf nutrients is directly related to the growth of fruit trees and is known as an effective indicator in diagnosing the nutritional status of trees. Investigating the dynamics of nutrient elements is necessary to provide an effective program for fertilization of orchards and improving the efficiency of fertilizer application. The olive tree is economically very important due to its adaptability to different climates and the production of fruit and oil. Understanding the physiological aspects of olive tree nutrition requires sufficient knowledge in relation to the seasonal change of leaf nutrient content, while very few studies have investigated the seasonal variation of nutrients in olive cultivars. Based on this, in the current research, the seasonal dynamics of macronutrient and micronutrient concentration in the leaves of four olive cultivars were investigated during four seasons in Ahvaz weather conditions.



Materials and Methods: This research was conducted in the olive research orchard in Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, in a randomized complete block (RCB) design (repeated measures) with four replications. Leaf sampling was done during 2022, from one year old shoots on 20-year-old mature olive trees of Dezful, Koroneiki, Manzanilla and Kavi. In this study, the concentration of macronutrients (N, P and K) and micronutrients (Fe, Cu, B, Zn and Mn) were measured in olive leaves.



Results:The interaction of season and cultivar had a significant effect on the concentration of all macronutrients and the Mn. The nutritional status of the studied cultivars was optimal in terms of all elements except N.The difference in the seasonal dynamics pattern of N was evident for olive cultivars. The highest and lowest N concentration were recorded in the spring for Kavi and Manzanilla respectively.Olive cultivars showed the same and sinusoidal pattern in the change of P content during the seasons. The seasonal dynamics of K concentration, like P, had a similar pattern among cultivars, with the highest K concentration was recorded in spring and summer and the lowest in winter and autumn.The highest amount of Fe was recorded in spring (162.28 mg kg-1), but compared to the amount of Fe in leaves in winter (143.06 mg kg-1), there was a significant increase. The seasonal dynamics of Fe showed a sinusoidal pattern, so that the lowest Fe concentration recorded in winter and the highest in spring and autumn. Cu concentration significantly decreased from winter to spring and summer, and the highest concentration of Cu was recorded in winter (68.06 mg kg-1). The seasonal pattern of Cu concentration showed that it was the lowest in spring and the highest in winter and autumn. The highest B concentration was in autumn (77.36 mg kg-1). The seasonal pattern of B concentration showed an increasing trend over time. The amount of Zn decreased significantly from winter to spring and summer, and reached its highest concentration in the autumn, so that it increased by 33.80% compared to the summer. The seasonal pattern of Zn showed a decrease and then an increase during the year from winter to autumn. T. The highest and lowest concentrations of Mn was recorded in spring for Koroneiki and Kavi (72.68 and 38.10 mg kg-1) respectively.



Conclusion: The results of this research showed that the effects of season was more important than other effects; Because the concentration changes of all elements were affected by the season. According to the results, the concentration of P, K and micronutrients was optimal, but the amount of N, especially in the growing seasons (spring and summer), was evaluated as less than optimal level, so the application of N-containing fertilizers is suggested before the beginning of the growing season.

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Main Subjects

References

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Journal of Plant Production Research
Volume 31, Issue 4
January 2025
Pages 195-213

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