Document Type : original paper
Authors
1
Associate Professor, Sugar Beet Seed Institute
2
Researcher, Sugar Beet Research Department, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Mashhad, Iran.
3
Assistant Professor, Sugar Beet Research Department, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center
4
Assistant Professor, Sugar Beet Research Department, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Fars, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization
10.22069/jopp.2025.23417.3240
Abstract
Introduction
Sugar-beet cyst nematode (SBCN) (Heterodera schachtii) is a major limiting factor in production of sugar beet in Iran and other countries of the world. The most efficient method to control this disease is using resistant varieties and hybrids. This nematode is distributed globally and is mainly found in temperate, Mediterranean and subtropical climates, where it has been found and identified in major sugar beet growing areas in more than 87 countries. The aim of the present study is to determine the performance of foreign hybrids received in areas infected with cyst nematode and to select a hybrid or hybrids resistant to this nematode and with high yield for future VCU experiments and ultimately to introduce them for cultivation in infected areas of the country.
Materials and Methods
In order to evaluate the resistance of new sugar beet hybrids of Syngenta company, one trial with 16 genotypes (13 hybrids and two susceptible genotypes belonging to Syngenta company and three resistant checks) was conducted in nematode-infested fields in Khorasan Razavi (Torogh), Fars (Zarghan) and West Azarbyejan (Khoy, Pekachik village) provinces in randomized complete block design with four replications. After harvesting, the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of sugar beet roots were measured and statistically analyzed. After sampling and recording data in Excel, data analysis was done using SAS 9.1 statistical software. After performing the homogeneity of variances test through Bartlett's test, composite analysis of three region' data was done. In order to group the experimental materials, Ward's cluster analysis was used. In order to compare the mean of the traits under study, Duncan test was used at the probability level of five percent.
Results and Discussion
Bartlett's test was performed to test the homogeneity of error variance of three experiments. Chi-square of sugar content, white sugar yield and root sodium were not significant and were used for combined variance analysis. In combined variance analysis, the interaction effect of genotype at location was significant for the mentioned traits. Therefore, it was not possible to compare the average of the main effects of location and genotype, and only within each region, the average of genotypes was compared with each other. The results of cluster analysis showed that the 16 studied sugar beet genotypes were separated into three separate groups. Also, the F-21119 genotype, which was in the first group and had high white sugar yield in all three regions of Mashhad, Zarqan and Khoy, had good adaptation in the three regions.
Conclusion
Results showed that in all three regions of Mashhad, Zarghan and Khoi, hybrid F-21119 was the best experimental hybrid with white sugar yield of 10.63 tons per hectare, 6.54 tons per hectare and 5.73 tons per hectare respectively and it has been well adapted in three regions. Of course, to confirm the superiority of the hybrid selected from this research, it is recommended that it be proven in experiments to determine the future agricultural value of the cultivated variety and the stability of its white sugar yield.
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