Effect of mycorrhiza and potassium silicate application on morphological and biochemical traits of cv. Camarosa strawberries under heat stress conditions

Document Type : scientific research article

Authors

1 M.Sc. Graduate of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agronomy Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU), Sari, Iran

2 Corresponding Author, Assistant Prof., Dept. of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agronomy Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU), Sari, Iran

3 Associate Prof., Dept. of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agronomy Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU), Sari, Iran.

4 Professor, Dept. of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.

Abstract

Background and objectives: Nowadays, one of the major challenges facing agriculture worldwide is the phenomenon of global warming and the emergence of heat stress in many agricultural crops. Strawberry is one of the important horticultural crops that climate change and rising air temperatures have had a negative impact on its growth and productivity. Various strategies are used to cope with stresses, which include the use of silicon and inoculation with mycorrhizae bacteria. Silicon has applications in various stresses and has proven effective under heat and drought conditions. Mycorrhizal fungi also delay the reduction in relative water content in the leaves during various stresses by keeping stomata open. The aim of this experiment is to evaluate the effects of application of fungus and potassium silicate on strawberry runners in order to cope with the effect of high temperature stress on runners and plants and study the vegetative growth of runners.
Materials and methods: For this purpose, a study was conducted to investigate the effect of potassium silicate and mycorrhizae fungus on tolerance to heat stress in 'Camarosa' strawberry and also to evaluate the possibility of increasing plant tolerance to heat in the research greenhouse of Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. After two months of establishment, plants were maintained in a controlled environment (control) and the rest of the plants were transferred to stress temperature. One group of pots were kept in a no-stress space where the day temperature was 25±1 °C and the night temperature was 16±1 °C and the relative humidity was 60±5%, and the other pots were placed under stress in the greenhouse. The plants were placed at 25°C and the greenhouse temperature was increased by 2°C every hour. After seven hours when the greenhouse temperature reached 39°C from 25°C, the greenhouse temperature was adjusted to 40±1°C and the plants were exposed to this stressful temperature for three days. This research was conducted as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three factors including two levels of mycorrhizae fungus (with and without mycorrhizae fungus), three levels of potassium silicate (zero, 50 and 100 milligrams per liter) as foliar application and two levels of thermal stress (25 and 41°C) with three replications in soil culture in the greenhouse.
Results: The results showed that high temperature stress reduced the characteristics of fresh root weight, leaf dry weight and silicon content. Potassium silicate application improved fresh leaf weight, dry leaf weight, root, relative water content, proline content, etc. Application of 50 milligrams per liter potassium silicate with the addition of mycorrhiza and also in the absence of it significantly increased dry leaf weight by more than 1.2 and 5.3 times, respectively. Also, the highest fresh root weight with a mean of 3.6 grams was observed at 100 milligrams per liter potassium silicate concentration. The highest relative water content of leaves under heat stress treatment was observed in plants inoculated with fungus and without potassium silicate treatment with an average of 89.65%, which made a significant difference with other treatment levels. At a concentration of 100 mg/liter of potassium silicate, a significant increase of 1.6 times in proline content was observed, So, the amount of proline in the control treatment was 0.023 micromole/g on average, which reached 0.0663 micromole/g in the 100 mg/liter treatment.
Conclusion: Ultimately, it was determined that high temperature stress affects many biochemical and photosynthetic factors of strawberry plants, and application of 50 milligrams per liter potassium silicate along with mycorrhizae fungus, unlike their separate applications, prevented heat damage to different plant parts.

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Main Subjects

References

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Journal of Plant Production Research
Volume 32, Issue 2
June 2025
Pages 17-40

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