Comparison and spatial analysis of grain yield in irrigated and dry wheat cropping systems of Bandar-e-Turkmen county, Golestan province

Document Type : scientific research article

Authors

1 Ph.D. Graduate of Agronomy, Dept. of Agronomy, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran

2 Corresponding Author, Professor, Dept. of Horticultural Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran

3 Professor, Dept. of Agronomy, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran

4 Professor, Dept. of Agrotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

Abstract

Background and objectives: In agriculture, finding the optimal location for agricultural products can increase economic benefits, reduce negative environmental consequences, and be effective in improving the health of agroecosystems. In the spatial analysis of agriculture, active layers of information from available resources such as climate, water, topography and soil fertility are created in the form of a coherent and coordinated set to determine the type of land use. This study was conducted investigate the grain yield of wheat varieties cultivated in irrigated and dry farming systems in Bandar-e-Turkmen county during 2018-2019.
Materials and methods: In this research, 59 wheat fields including 16 irrigated and 43 rainfed fields were randomly selected with uniform distribution in the county. Also, EC, pH, percentage of soil organic matter and precipitation during the wheat growth period in the county were investigated this year. The varieties cultivated in these fields included Qaboos, Morvarid, line N91-17 and line N87-20. In the maturity stage and before harvesting by the farmers, a W-shaped pattern, sampling was done from the fields using a square of 0.25 × 0.25 quadrat, and the grain yield was calculated. Then, by evaluating different interpolation methods and choosing the best method, a wheat grain yield map was prepared at the level of agricultural lands of the county in the ArcMap environment.
Results: According to the results of this study, comparing the average grain yield between the type of rainfed (5.01 tons per hectare) and irrigated (5.16 tons per hectare) wheat cultivation system, as well as the comparison of the grain yield of varieties in the wheat fields of the county, there was no significant difference between cropping systems and varieties. Sufficient precipitation during the growth period and no need for irrigation in irrigated fields could be a reason for non-significant differences between selected irrigated and dryland fields. Preparation of a wheat grain yield distribution map at the level of the county showed that the southern and eastern parts of the region had higher yields due to low soil salinity, favorable acidity, a high percentage of organic matter, distribution and proper amount of precipitation in these areas. Also, the examination of varieties production in terms of their capacity or expected production showed that 83% of the fields had acceptable production.
Conclusion: Most of the wheat fields in the county can produce yield according to the expected yield of the varieties and are in favorable conditions. The lands in the western and northwestern parts of the county, due to the inability to produce acceptable yields such as high soil salinity, should be allocated to the cultivation of crops with lower environmental requirements and more adapted to the conditions of these areas.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

1.Anonymous. )2021(. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO): Available http:// www.fao.org/faostat/en/#home.
2.Poudel, M. R., Ghimire, S., Pandey, M. P., Dhakal, K. H., Thapa, D. B., & Poudel, H. K. (2020). Evaluation of wheat genotypes under irrigated, heat stress and drought conditions. Journal of Biology and Today’s World, 9(1), 212.
3.Dilmurodovich, D. S., Fayzullaevich, Z. Z., Shakirjanovich, K. N., Raxmatullaevich, A. J., Bekmurodovich, B. N., & Shomiljonovich, S. S. (2021). Selection of high grain yield elements of winter bread wheat lines for Rainfed areas. In Archive of Conferences (55-62p). doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7027124.
4.Ghaffari, A., & Jalal Kamali, M. (2013). Wheat productivity in Islamic Republic of Iran: Constraints and opportunities. pp. 98-11. In: Paroda, R., Dasgupta, S., Mal, B., Singh, S.S., Jat, M. L. and Singh, G. (eds.) Proceedings of the regional consultation on improving wheat productivity in Asia, Bangkok, Thailand.
5.Ministry of Agriculture. (2022). Report on the level, production and yield of crops in 2020-2021. Information and Communication Technology Center. 98 p.
6.Bay, N., Montazeri, M., Gandomkar, A., & Ataei, H. (2012). The study of potential of dry farming wheat cultivation in Golestan province by using Geographic Information System (GIS). Geographical Planning of Space Quarterly Journal, 2(4), 19-42. [In Persian]
7.Baniaghil, A. S., Rahemi Karizki, A., Biabani, A., & Faramarzi, H. (2016). Potential climatic zoning of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Golestan province. Journal of Agroecology, 9(3), 821-833. [In Persian]
8.Panotra, N., Sharma, R., & Bhat, A. (2022). Evaluation of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes under irrigated and rainfed conditions in intermediate zone of Jammu and Kashmir. Annals of Plant and Soil Research, 24(1), 137-140. DOI:10.47815/apsr.2021.10138.
9.El Behairy, R. A., El Arwash, H. M., El Baroudy, A. A., Ibrahim, M. M., Mohamed, E. S., Rebouh, N. Y., & Shokr, M. S. (2023). Artificial intelligence integrated GIS for land suitability assessment of wheat crop growth in arid zones to sustain food security. Agronomy, 13(5), 1281. https:// doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13051281.
10.Management of agricultural jihad of Bandar-e-Turkmen County. (2019). Garden and agricultural products.
11.Walkley, A., & Black, I. A. (1934). An examination of the Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter, and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Science, 37(1), 29-38. http://dx.doi.org/10. 1097/00010694193401000-00003.
12.Fotouhi Firoozabad, F., Talebi, A., & Afkhami Ardakani, H. (2015). Investigation of possibility of groundwater quality zonation in arid regions using geostatistic (case study: Yazd-Ardakan plain). Iranian Journal of Watershed Management Science and Engineering, 9(29), 57-69. [In Persian]
13.Soleimani Sardo, A., Maghsoud, F., & Damavandi, A. A. (2016). Evaluation the effectiveness of interpolation methods to estimate soil pH and EC (case study: Dorodxan distinct in Fars province). Iranian Journal of Remote Sensing of GIS, 8(3), 77-90. [In Persian]
14.Mosavi Kojabad, N., Sedighi Saman, A., & Moradi, M. (2022). New interpolation methods to determine the best method of estimating the spatial distribution of precipitation. Remote Sensing and GIS Application in Environmental Sciences, 2(3), 49-68. [In Persian]
15.Sadeghi, S. (2012). Point interpolation in GIS with emphasis on Kriging technique (KRIGING). Loza publication. 152 p. [In Persian]
16.Norinia, A., Soughi, H., Mobasheri, M. T., Jafarby, J., Ghojogh, H., Sadeghnezhad, H., Kazemi Talachi, M., & Mohammadi, R. (2017). Technical instructions for wheat planting stage in Golestan province. Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO). Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center. 15 p. [In Persian]
17.Soughi, H., Khodarahmi, M., Bagherikia, S., & Nazari, M. (2020). Response of grain yield of new bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars to sowing date based on agro-climatic indices under Gorgan environmental conditions. Journal of Seed and Plant, 36(1), 1-31. [In Persian]
18.Lungu, E., & Turek-Rahoveanu, M. M. (2023). Research on agroecological zoning for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in south-eastern Romania. Economic engineering in agriculture and rural development, 23(1), 363-372.
19.Kaboosi, K., & Majidi, O. (2017). Zoning of planting and harvesting dates and length of growth stages of rainfed wheat based on precipitation and temperature data in Golestan province. Iranian Dryland Agronomy Journal, 6(1), 103-144. [In Persian]
20.Ahmadi, K., Ebadzadeh, H. R., Hatami, F., Abd Shah, H., & Kazemian, A. (2019) Agricultural statistics for the crop year 2017-2018, first volume, crops. Ministry of Agricultural Jihad, Vice President of Planning and Economy, Information and Communication Technology Center, 97 p. [In Persian]
21.Navidi, M. N., Seyedmohammadi, J., Seyedjalali, S. A. R., Zeinadini, A., Farajnia, A., Zareain, G. R., Toomanian, N. R., Fatehi, S., Eskandari, M., & Delsooz, B. (2022). Assessing land suitability for wheat cultivation in irrigated plains of Iran. Iranian Journal of soil research, 36(2), 127-145. DOI:10.22092/IJSR.2022.358624.666. [In Persian]
22.Nasrollahi, N., Kazemi, H., Kamkar, B., & Sadeghi, S. (2016). Agroecological evaluation of Aq-Qala Township (Golestan Province) for dryland wheat cultivation using Geographical Information System (GIS). Applied Filed Crops Research, 110(29), 83-94. [In Persian]
23.Niazmoradi, M., & Kazemi, H. (2014). Feasibility of wheat-canola rotation performance in agricultural lands of Bandar-e-Torkman and Gomishan townshipsusing Geographic Information System (GIS). Research in Crop Ecosystem, 1(4), 65-82. [In Persian]
Journal of Plant Production Research
Volume 32, Issue 3
September 2025
Pages 1-16

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics