Document Type : scientific research article
Authors
1
Kurdistan. Sasandaj The University of Kordestan. Department of Agriculture and Plant Breeding
2
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.
3
Razi university
4
Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan Sanandaj, Iran.
5
French National Institute for Agriculture, Food, and Environment (INRAE)
6
INRAE · Agroécologie PhD
Abstract
Background and objectives: Usage cover crops from Vicia genus is one of the common methods of weed suppression, which provides many ecosystem services in agricultural fields. One of the major barriers to the use of vetch species as cover crops is the problems related to their seed germination. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the response of germination and emergence of seeds of some species of vetch to environmental factors including temperature, humidity, salinity, and sowing depth.
Materials and Methods: This experiment was conducted with a completely randomized design with 3 replications In the agriculture laboratory of Razi University Agriculture and Natural Resources Campus in 1402, the effect of different temperature regimes (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 0c) and different salinity levels (4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256 mm sodium chloride) and humidity (-0.2, -0.4, -0.6, -0.8, -1, -1.2, -1.4 MPa) on the seed germination of different types of Vicia it placed. Also, the effect of the depth of burial in the soil on the emergence of the seedlings of these species in the greenhouse was also evaluated.
Results: The results of this study showed that the highest percentage of germination of different species was obtained at 25°C and among them 100% germination was obtained only in V. sativa (Arak variety). On the other hand, with the increase of salt concentration, the germination rate decreased and the fitting of the equation showed that the highest percentage of germination was observed at salinity levels below 32 mM and V. dasycarpa showed more sensitivity to salinity when compared to other species. Fitting equation to the data obtained from the effect of drought on the germination percentage of different varieties of vetch showed that the highest percentage of germination was achieved at osmotic stress below -0.2 MPa. V. villosa species showed highest sensitivity to osmotic stress. results of the effect of the depth of burial in the soil on the percentage of emergence showed that the percentage of emergence decreased with the increase of burial depth, and this decrease was accompanied by a steep slope in the depths between 2 and 8 cm.
Conclusion: The findings of the present research show that vetch species are warm season and the best germination temperature for vetch seeds is 25°C. furthermore, results showed that the highest percentage of germination was at salinity levels below 32 mM and with the increase of burial depth, the percentage of emergence decreased.
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