Investigation of genetic diversity among Verbascum species in West Azerbaijan province by morphological and phytochemical markers

Document Type : original paper

Authors

1 M.Sc. Student, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University

2 Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University

3 Research Department of Chromatography, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Urmia

Abstract

Background and objectives: Mullein (Verbascum sp.) is a biennial herbaceous member of the Scrophulariaceae family. Verbascum flowers are highly valued herbal drugs used in the treatment of inflammation, asthma, spasmodic coughs and other respiratory tract diseases. In this study, preliminary evaluation of morphological and phytochemical diversity of different Mullein species from West Azerbaijan province for its domestication was investigated.
Materials and methods: West Azerbaijan as the centers of origin for many species of Mullein in Iran was selected for sampling. For assessment of morphological diversity, different species of Mullein were evaluated in full flowering stage based on 12 qualitative and 20 quantitative morphological traits. After species identification, leaf and flower samples were extracted using ultrasonic device. For evaluation of phytochemical diversity among different species of Mullein, total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of leaves and flowers were determined using Folin–Ciocalteu assay and DPPH method, respectively.
Results: Based on the evaluation of collected samples from different regions 9 species (V. erianthum, V. songaricum, V. speciosum, V. szovitsianum, V. stachydiforme, V. sinuatum, V. haussknechtianum,V. cherirantifolium and V. saccatum) were identified. The results showed that species has significant effect on the plant height, inflorescence length, number of flowers per bunch, number of flowering stems, basal leaves length and length and width of capsule (p<0.01). Also for stem leaves length /width ratio and length of calyx there was significant difference between studied species (p<0.05). The evaluation results of phytochemical data showed that the total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity were significantly varied both amongst species and different plant organs (p<0.01). The highest total phenolic content (32.83 mg GAE/g DW) and antioxidant capacity (85.02 %) were in the leaves of V. sinuatum. Multivariate analysis and clustering revealed four distinct categories of species based on their morphological and phytochemical traits. V. sinuatum that had the highest total penolic content and antioxidant activity of leaves, plant height, number of flowers in each axillary clusters, number of flowering branches and width of basal leaves was placed in the first cluster. Other species (V. szovitsianum and V. haussknechtianum), (V. songaricum, V. speciosum, V. stachydiforme and V. saccatum) and (V. erianthum and V. cherirantifolium) were placed in second, third and fourth clusters, respectively.
Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that there is a wide diversity of Mullein species in West Azerbaijan province. V. sinuatum has unique morphological and phytochemical traits that can be used for breeding strategies and economic production.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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Journal of Plant Production Research
Volume 24, Issue 3
January 2018
Pages 123-142

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