Document Type : original paper
Authors
1
Associate Professor, Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Department of Crop Ecology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran.
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Ahar Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
3
Graduated from Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Department of Crop Ecology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran.
4
PhD Student in Production and Post-Harvest Physiology of Medicinal Plants, Department of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
Abstract
Background and objectives: Background and objectives: Agriculture has always struggled with weeds throughout history and has achieved considerable progress in this regard. Weeds compete with agricultural plants to receive nutrients, soil moisture and sunlight and lead to a decrease in the yield of agricultural plants. Due to its slow growth in the rosette stage, the safflower plant is very vulnerable to the competition of weeds, and weeds can severely reduce the yield of safflower and even cause the loss of the entire crop. Therefore, eliminating the competition of weeds is effective in increasing its performance. Manual weed control is time-consuming and expensive. Chemical weed control method is one of the important methods used in weed control. but these herbicides can have a serious impact on the environment. Non-chemical weed control such as the use of mulch and cover plants are the preferred methods for weed control. Considering the importance of weed control and the existence of few studies on the comparison of different safflower weed control methods, this experiment was conducted with the aim of comparing the effect of different weed control methods in safflower fields.
Materials and methods: In order to investigate the effect of different weed control methods on oil percentage and yield in safflower plant, an experiment was conducted in the form of a randomized complete block design with 12 treatments and four replications in the research farm of the Faculty of Agriculture of Tabriz University located in the Khilat Pushan research station in the area near Basmanj. Preparation and planting of safflower seeds was done in the middle of April. Weed control operations were carried out according to different weed control treatments. After the physiological treatment, the harvesting operation started and after removing the side rows of each plot, 10 samples were taken from the middle row by removing 0.5 meters from the margins and separately for each plot, they were taken to the laboratory for the necessary measurements.
Results: In this research, V. ervilia had an increase of 33.5 and 40.5 percent on the dry weight of the stem of safflower. Also, in the two treatments of manual weeding twice before the stem lengthening and complete manual control of weeds, the length of the secondary branches of safflower (C. tinctorius) was 35 and 35.5 cm, respectively, which is 38.6 and 32.6 percent compared to the absence of weed control. In this research, in the treatments of V. ervilia cover plant, V. ervilia cover plant and a combination of V. ervilia cover plant and V. ervilia cover plant, biomass produced 1.69, 1.73 and 2.32 tons, respectively, which can in addition to control Weeds and improving safflower yield are of economic importance.
Conclusion: The results of the study showed that the control of weeds in the safflower field in the early stages of growth is more effective than in the more advanced stages, and it can indicate the sensitivity of safflower to the competition of weeds in the early stages of safflower growth. In addition to that, the treatments of V. ervilia, V. ervilia and V. villosa, the use of trifluralin herbicide, trifluralin + phenmedipham herbicide, trifluralin + Haloxyfop-R-methyl and two manual weeding before the stem elongation also had a significant increasing effect on the harvest index and this trait compared to the control, it increased significantly.
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