Investigation on dynamic of pollen flow and its relation with fruit set in pistachio (pistachia vera) trees

Document Type : scientific research article

Authors

1 Corresponding Author, Associate Prof., Dept. of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran

2 M.Sc. Graduate, Dept. of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.

3 Associate Prof., Dept. of Agronomy, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran

4 Professor, Dept. of Water Engineering, Faculty of Water and Soil Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.

5 Researcher, Damghan Pistachio Research Station, Damghan, Iran

6 Associate Prof., Research and Promotion Organization, Agriculture Ministry, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Pollen flow in anemophilous plants is a dynamic process. This controlled by wind speed, turbulence direction and depends on, plantation map, rate of air humidity, male genotype and female cultivar biological characteristics. The aims of this research were to survey and analysis pollen dispersal model in distance from few male genotypes within a block of Shahpasand and Akbari pistachio cultivars.

Materials and Methods: The lams coated with thin layer of Vaseline gel were installed on piece of wood tied on top of wooden bars. The bars had a distance of 7 m to each other as distance of female trees. . The lams were installed horizontally and vertically on bars which had planted beside female tress from a distance of 8 to 64m in Shahpasand and 80 m in Akbari plot. Every lam was installed on woody bar from 8 am to 8 am of next day and number of pollen was counted on horizontal and vertical lam via a light microscope. Data were analyzed using RCD and regression analysis, as Y is accounted as pollen intensity and X as distance to pollinizer.

Results: Results indicated the pollen intensity was declined after 35 m distance from male genotypes. Further, fruit set also indicated a decreasing trend as distance had been increased from male genotypes. However, the intensity of pollen was differed on different day. This was due to some differences appeared by wind speed and direction. The best wind speed on 2 M height from the ground was 10 km/h equal to 2.7 m/s. On days when the speed of winds was raised to more than 30 km there were no traces of pollens dispersal on lams and dusts were replaced. The maximum intensity of pollen in Akbari plot was found in distance between 20 to 30 m from male trees. The recent results indicated a sinusoidal model. There was no found significant differences in fruit set percentage by open pollination and by controlled pollination by hand in Shahpasnand plot. Even though the intensity of pollen was reduced in 40 m distance from male tree but this condition had no effect on rate of fruit set percentage in Shahpasand plot.

Conclusion: Within this research it was cleared that pollen intensity in both plots of Shahpasand and Akbari female trees was influenced by wind speed, wind direction and frequency of male trees. Intensity of pollen was reduced by 40 m from pollen source in both plots of Shahpasanand and Akbari. There was no reduction in fruit set at Shahpasand by 60 m distance from the male tree. It is suggested plantation of few male tree in the row for 3 of 4 rows of female pistachio trees would be more beneficial for orchardist

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References

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Journal of Plant Production Research
Volume 30, Issue 4
January 2024
Pages 57-77

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