اثر پنج پایه بر ویژگی‌های فیزیکی، مکانیکی و شیمیایی میوه‌ی نارنگی رقم جدید یاشار طی مراحل رسیدن

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیئت علمی گروه فیزیولوژی و تکنولوژی پس از برداشت. موسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، پژوهشکده مرکبات و میوه‌های نیمه‌گرمسیری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رامسر، ایران

2 کارشناس ارشد زیست شناسی

3 محقق موسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی کرج

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: طی برنامه دورگ گیری 20 ساله (1368 تا 1388) بین نارنگی‌های مینولاتانجلو و شانگشا رقم نارنگی یاشار به عنوان رقمی دیررس توسط پژوهشکده مرکبات و میوه‌های نیمه‌گرمسیری معرفی شد. با این‌حال نیاز به بررسی ویژگی‌های کیفی و تعیین زمان رسیدن میوه روی پایه‌های مهم بود که طی پژوهشی دو ساله مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت.

مواد و روش‌ها: در این پژوهش اثر پنج پایه (نارنج، پونسیروس، سیتروملو، سیترنج و فلائینگ‌‌دراگون) روی شاخص‌‌های کیفی میوه نارنگی یاشار طی رسیدن به مدت دو سال بررسی شد. نمونه‌‌برداری میوه از اول بهمن تا نیمه اسفند به فاصله زمانی هر دو هفته یک بار (چهار زمان) انجام گرفت. ارزیابی‌ها شامل اندازه‌گیری ابعاد میوه (طول، عرض و ضخامت)، میانگین قطرهای حسابی، هندسی، معادل و هم‌ساز، ضریب رعنایی، کرویت، مساحت رویه، حجم واقعی، حجم ظاهری، خطای حجم، چگالی (دانسیته)، سفتی بافت پوست و گوشت، میزان جابجایی پروب در بافت پوست و گوشت، ضخامت پوست میوه، وزن میوه، درصد عصاره، تعداد بذر، شاخص‌های رنگ پوست (L*، a*،b*، زاویه رنگ، کروما و CCI)، مواد جامد محلول، اسیدیته قابل تیتراسیون، شاخص تکنولوژی، pH، EC، فنل‌کل، آسکوربیک اسید و ظرفیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی بود.

یافته‌ها: میوه‌ی یاشار روی هر پنج پایه از نظر طول، عرض و ضخامت پوست تفاوت معنی‌داری با هم نداشتند. دانسیته میوه طی زمان برداشت روند افزایشی داشت؛ لیکن روی پایه نارنج کمتر از سایر پایه‌ها بود. قطرهای حسابی و هندسی میوه یاشار روی همه پایه‌ها به قطر معادل که واقعی‌ترین قطر میوه است نزدیک بود. ضریب رعنایی و کرویت (مقدار 16/1)، مساحت رویه، حجم واقعی و حجم ظاهری میوه روی پایه فلائینگ‌دراگون بیشتر از سایر پایه‌ها بود (05/0 p

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of five rootstocks on physical, mechanical and chemical characteristics of 'Yashar' fruits -a new mandarin- during ripening stages

نویسندگان [English]

  • javad fattahi moghadam 1
  • Seyedeh Elham Seyedghasemi 2
  • Soghra Madani 3
1 Assistant professors, Department of Postharvest Physilogy and Technology. Horticultural Science Research Institute, Citrus and Subtropical Fruits Research Center, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Ramsar, Iran
2 Msc. of Biology
3 Researcher of agricultural engineering research institute
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: According to a breeding program carry out in Citrus and Subtropical Fruits Research Center of Iran, Yashar mandarin was created from crossing between Minneola tangelo and Changsha mandarins. Based on previous investigations, we found that Yashar might be a late ripening variety on Sour orange. The quality of this new variety on different commercial rootstocks did not study yet, completely. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the Yashar physico-chemical and mechanical characteristics on five commercial rootstocks during two years.

Materials and methods:In this study, the effect of five rootstock (Sour orange, Poncirus, Citrumelo, Citrange and Flaying dragon) on Yashar fruit quality investigated for two years during ripening. Yashar fruit was sampled at last January to early of March period every two weeks (4 times). Various physico-chemical and mechanical characteristics evaluated including fruit lenght, width, thickness; arithmetic, geometric, equivalent and harmonic means; fruit aspect ratio, sphericity, surface area, true volume, apparent volume, volume error, density, peel and pulp firmness, peel thickness, weight, juice percentage, seed number, peel color indices (L*, a*, b*, hue angle, chroma and CCI), total soluble solid (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), technological index (TI), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total phenol, ascorbic acid and antioxidant capacity during experiment.



Results: The results showed that fruit length, width and thickness of Yashar had not significantly differences on five rootstock. Although fruit density showed an increasing trend during the harvest time but Yashar fruit density on Sour orange was lower than other rootstocks. Arithmetic and geometric means of fruits on all rootstocks were closer to equivalent mean as a really diameter. Variables such aspect ratio, sphericity (1.16), surface area, true volume and apparent volume were higher on Flying dragon than other rootstocks (p

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Mandarin
  • Yashar
  • Rootstock
  • Harvesting time
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