ارزیابی سیستم های مختلف تغذیه آلی و شیمیایی بر عملکرد، کمیت و کیفیت اسانس گیاه دارویی گشنیز (Coriandrum sativum L.)

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارمند جهاد کشاورزی ایلام

2 استادیار دانشگاه ایلام

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: گشنیز یکی از مهم ترین گیاهان دارویی بوده که به علت کیفیت بالای اسانس، علاوه بر مصارف غذایی جنبه درمانی نیز دارد. کشاورزی پایدار با رعایت اصول اکولوژیک، می تواند ضمن ایجاد توازن در محیط زیست، کارآیی استفاده از منابع را افزایش دهد و زمینۀ بهره وری طولانی تری را برای انسان فراهم آورد. کاربرد کودهای آلی با هدف جایگزینی یا کاهش قابل ملاحظه در کاربرد کودهای شیمیایی، موجب افزایش کیفیت و عملکرد در تولید پایدار گیاهان زراعی می شود. این پژوهش به منظور بررسی ارزیابی سیستم های مختلف تغذیه آلی و شیمیایی بر عملکرد و ترکیبات اسانس گیاه دارویی گشنیز انجام شد.
مواد و روش ها: این آزمایش به صورت مزرعه ای در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با هشت تیمار و سه تکرار در سال 1394 در مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی شهرستان ایلام اجرا شد. تیمارها شامل 10 و 20 تن کود گاوی در هکتار، 5 و 10 تن ورمی کمپوست در هکتار، 5 تن کود گاوی همراه با 5/2 تن ورمی کمپوست در هکتار، 10 تن کود گاوی همراه با 5 تن ورمی کمپوست در هکتار، کود شیمیایی (تنها 75 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار) و شاهد (بدون کاربرد کود) بودند. صفات اندازه گیری شده شامل عملکرد دانه، درصد و عملکرد اسانس و ترکیبات مختلف اسانس بود. به‌منظور تعیین میزان اسانس از روش تقطیر با آب با دستگاه کلونجر اسانس گیری شد، اجزای اسانس توسط دستگاه کروماتوگرافی گازی متصل به طیف سنج جرمی (GC/MS)، انجام گرفت.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین عملکرد بذر (3257/7 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، درصد اسانس (0/154درصد) و عملکرد اسانس (23/75کیلوگرم در هکتار)، محتوی لینالول (62/61 درصد) و محتوی ژرانیل استات (21/9درصد) به ترتیب در تیمارهای کاربرد 10 تن کود گاوی، 5 تن ورمی کمپوست و 10 تن کود گاوی همراه با 5 تن ورمی کمپوست به دست آمد. همچنین بیشترین محتوی آلفاپینن (11/45درصد) و گاماترپینن (7/12درصد) در اسانس در تیمار کاربرد 10 تن ورمی کمپوست به دست آمد.
نتیجه گیری: ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﮐﻠﯽ مدیریت تغذیه تلفیقی گیاه دارویی گشنیز اﺛﺮات ﻗﺎﺑﻞﺗﻮﺟﻬﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎی ﮐﻤﯽ و ﮐﯿﻔﯽ اﯾﻦ ﮔﯿﺎه داشت. بیشترین عملکردهای بذر و اسانس با کاربرد 10 تن کود گاوی و بیشترین ترکیبات اسانس با کاربرد ورمی کمپوست به دست آمد. با توجه به نتایج، سیستم های مختلف تغذیه آلی می تواند جایگزین بخش عمده ای از کود شیمیایی اوره در زراعت گیاه دارویی گشنیز شده و گامی در جهت کشاورزی پایدار و حفظ محیط زیست برداشته شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of organic and chemical different nutrition systems on the yield, quantity and quality of essential oil of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • azita yari 1
  • alireza tab 2
1
2
چکیده [English]

Background and Purpose: Coriander is one the most important cultivated medicinal plants, because of high quality essential oil and its uses as food and herbal medicine. Sustainable agriculture with ecological principles can increase the efficiency of resource utilization and provide longer productivity for humans while creating a balance in the environment. Using organic fertilizers to replace or considerably reduce the use of chemical fertilizers leads to an increase in the quality and performance of the sustainable production of crops. This research is conducted in order to study the effects of organic and chemical different nutrition systems on yield and essential oil contents of coriander.
Materials and Methods: This field experiment was done based on a randomized complete block (RCBD) design with 8 treatments and 3 replications in the agricultural education and research center of the Ilam county during 2015. Treatments include 10 and 20 t ha-1 of cow manure, 5 and 10 t ha-1 of vermicomposting, 5 t ha-1 of cow manure plus 2.5 t ha-1 of vermicomposting, 5 t ha-1 of cow manure plus 5 t ha-1 of vermicomposting, chemical fertilizers (only 75 kg N ha-1), and the control (without fertilizer application). Measured variables included seed yield, essential oil yield and percentage, and the essential oil components of the essence. In order to determine the amount of essential oil, the process of essence extraction is done through the Clevenger apparatus by distillation; and the essential oil components are determined by (GC/MS).
Results: The results indicated that the highest seed yield (3257.7 kg ha-1), essential oil percentage (0.154%) essential oil yield (23.75 kg ha-1), linalool content (62.61%), and geranyl acetate content in (21.9%) occur in 10 tons of cow manure, 5 tons of vermicomposting, and 10 tons of cow manure plus 5 tons of vermicomposting, respectively. Furthermore, the highest percentages of α-Pinene (11.45%) and γ-terpinene content (7.12%) were obtained related to 10 tons of vermicomposting.
Conclusion: The results showed that integrated nutrient management of Coriander as a medicinal plant has significant effects on quantitative and qualitative indicators. On the whole, the highest seed and essential oil yield are obtained using 10 tons of cow manure, and the highest essential oil yield compounds are obtained using vermicomposting. According to to the results, organic different nutrition systems can replace the bulk of chemical urea fertilizer in cultivation of coriander as a medicinal plant. It’s a step towards sustainable agriculture and environmental protection.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Essential oil
  • Geranyl acetate
  • Linalool
  • Organic Manure
  • Urea

مراجع

1. Ahmadian, H., Ghanbari, A. and Ghalavi, M. 2006. Effect of animal manure on quantitative and qualitative yield and chemical composition of essential oil in cumin (Cuminum cyminum). J. Iran. Field. Crop Res. 4(2): 207-216. (In Persian)
2. Akbarinia, A., Ghalavand, A., Sefidkon, F., Rezaee, M.B. and Sharifi Ashoorabadi, E. 2010. Study on the effect of different rates of chemical fertilizer, manure and mixture of them on seed yield and main, compositions of essential oil of ajowan (Trachyspermum copticum). J. Iran. Field. Crop. Res., 13(4): 217-207. (In Persian)
3. Anwar, M., Patra, D.D., Chand, S., Alpesh, K., Naqvi, A.A., and Khanuja, S.P.S. 2005. Effect of organic manures and inorganic fertilizer on growth, herb and oil yield, nutrient accumulation, and oil quality of French basil. J. Plan. Grow. Reg. 18(3): 175-186.
4. Arancon, N.Q., Edwards, C.A., Bierman, P., Metzger, J.D. and Lucht, C. 2005. Effects of vermicomposts produced from cattle manure, food waste and paper waste on the growth and yield of peppers in the field. J. Agri. Res. 49(4): 297-306.
5. Araya, H.T., Soundy, P., Steyn, J.M., Teubes, C., Learmonth, R.A. and Mojela, N. 2006. Response of herbage yield, essential oil yield and composition of south African rose-scented geranium (Pelargonium sp.) to conventional and organic nitrogen. J. Essential. Oil Res. 18(3): 111-115.
6. Ateia, E.M., Osman, Y.A.H. and Meawad, A.E.A.H. 2009. Effect of organic fertilization on yield and active constituents of (Thymus vulgaris L.). under North Sinai conditions. J. Agri. Bio Sci. 5(4): 555-565.
7. Ayyobi, H., Olfati, J.A. and Peyvast, G.A. 2014. The effects of cow manure vermicompost and municipal solid waste compost on peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) in Torbat-e-Jam and Rasht regions of Iran. Int. J. Recycl. Org. Waste Agri. 3(4): 147-153.
8. Azzaz, N.A., Hassan, E.A. and Hamad, E.H. 2009. The chemical constituent and vegetative and yielding characteristics of fennel plants treated with organic and bio-fertilizer instead of mineral fertilizer. Aust. Agri. Res. 3(2): 79-87.
9. Bhuiyan, I., Begum, J. and Sultana, M. 2009. Chemical composition of leaf and seed essential oil of Coriandrum sativum L. from Bangladesh. Flav. Frag. J. 20(4): 642–644.
10.Carrubba, A., La Torre, R. and Matranga, A. 2008. Cultivation trials of some aromatic and medicinal plants in a semi-arid Mediterranean environment. Aust. J. Exp. Agric. 45(4): 459-463.
11.Chatterjee, S.K. 2002. Cultivation of medicinal and aromatic plants in India, a commercial approach. Crop. Prod. 27(1): 75-85.
12.Chaves, F.C.M., Ming, L.C., Ehlert, P.A.D., Fernandes, D.M., Marques, M.O.M. and Meireles, M.A.A. 2010. Influence of organic fertilization on leave and essential oil production of Ocimum gratissimum L. Acta Hort. 28(1): 273-275.
13.Darzi, M.T., Ghalavand, A., Sephidkon, F. and Rejali, F. 2009. Effects of mycorrhiza, vermicompost and phosphatic biofertilizer application on quantity and quality of essential oil in fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.). Iran. J. Medic. Aromatic Plant. Sci. 18(4): 96-113. (In Persian)
14.Darzi, M.T., Hadj Seyed Hadi, M.R. and Rejali, F. 2013. Effects of vermicompost and phosphatic biofertilizer application on quantity and quality of essential oil in anise. Iran. J. Medic. Aromatic Plant. Res. 33(3): 83-94. (In Persian)
15.Darzi, M.T., Haj Seyed Hadi, M.R. and Rejali, F. 2012a. Effects of the application of vermicompost and nitrogen fixing bacteria on quantity and quality of the essential oil in dill (Anethum graveolens). J. Medic. Aromatic Plant. Sci. 31(3): 93-110. (In Persian).
16.Darzi, M.T., Haj Seyed Hadi, M.R. and Rejali, F. 2012b. Effects of cattle manure and biofertilizer application on biological yield, seed yield and essential oil in coriander (Coriandrum sativum). J. Medic. Aromatic Plant. Sci. 12(1): 115-126. (In Persian)
17.Dierchesen, A. 1996. Promoting the conservation and use of underutilized and neglected Crop. Coriander, New York: Lewis Publishers, USA. 82 pp.
18.Ebadi, M.T., Fallahi, J., Azizi, M. and Rezvani Moghaddam, P. 2007. The effects of application of organic fertilizer on growth parameters and yield of two breeding cultivars of chamomile. Abstract Proceedings of the 5th Congress of Agronomy and Plant Breeding. 21-27. (In Persian)
19.Fallahi, J., Koocheki, A. and Rezvani Moghaddam, P. 2008. The effect of organic fertilizers on quantity index and the amount of essential oil and chamazulene in chamomile. Water Soil Sci. 12(1): 39–50. (In Persian)
20.Fallahi, J., Koocheki, A. and Rezvani Moghaddam, P. 2009. Investigating the effects of organic fertilizers on quantity index and the amount of essential oil and chamazulene in chamomile (Matricaria recutita). Biol. Sci. 24(1): 65-78. (In Persian)
21.Geetha, A., Rao, P.V., Reddy, D.V. and Mohammad, S. 2009. Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on macro and micro nutrient uptake, oil content, quality and herbage yield in sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum). Res. on Crop. 10(3): 740-742.
22.Ghahraman, A. 1993. Colored Flora of Iran. Research Institute of medicinal Plants (RIFR), Iran. (In Persian)
23.Gholami Sharafkhane, E., Jahan, M., Banayan Avval, M., Koocheki, A. and Rezvani Moghaddam, P. 2015. The effect of organic, biological and chemical fertilizers on yield, essential oil percentage and some agroecological characteristics of summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.) under Mashhad conditions. Agric. Sci. Technol. J. 19(1): 111-118. (In Persian)
24.Harshavardhan, P.G., Vasundhara, M., Shetty, G.R., Nataraja, A., Sreeramu, B.S., Gowda, M.C. and Sreenivasappa, K.N. 2007. Influence of spacing and integrated nutrient management on yield and quality of essential oil in lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.). Crop Sci. 18(4): 83-94. (In Persian)
25.Hasanpour, A., Zakerin, R., Khorrami, A., Asadi, S. and Karagar, M. 2011. Effect of organic and chemical fertilizers on yield, yield components and seed quality of coriander under drought stress conditions. Iranian J. Field Crop. Sci. 2(4): 21-28. (In Persian)
26.Jha, P., Ram, M., Khan, M.A., Kiran, U., Uzzafar, M. and Abdinb, M.Z. 2011. Impact of organic manure and chemical fertilizers on artemisinin content and yield in Artemisia annua L. Ind. Crop Prod. 33(2): 396-301.
27.Kaplan, M., Kocabas, I., Sonmez, I. and Kalkan, H. 2009. The effects of different organic manure applications on the dry weight and the essential oil quantity of sage (Salvia fruticosa Mill.). J. Biol. Sci. 16(1): 29-36.
28.Kapoor, R., Giri, B. and Mukerji, K.G. 2004. Improved growth and essential oil yield and quality in (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) on mycorrhizal inoculation supplemented with P-fertilizer. J. Bio Tech. 93(3): 307-311.
29.Khalid, K.A. and Shafei, A.M. 2005. Productivity of dill (Anethum graveolens L.) as influenced by different organic manure rates and sources. J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci. 74(4): 154-162.
30.Khosravi, M. and Rahimian Mashhadi, H. 2005. Effects of different manure and vermicompost rates on yield and essential oil contents of coriander (Coriandrum sativum). Agric. Sci. Technol. 19(2):111-118. (In Persian)
31.Liebman, A. 2002. Integration of soil, crop and weed management in low-external-input farming system. J. Weed Res. 40(1): 27-47.
32.Mafakheri, S., Omidbaigi, R., Sefidkon, F. and Rejali, F. 2012. Effect of vermicompost, biophosphate and azotobacter on quantity and quality of essential oil of (Dracocephalum moldavica L). Iran. J. Medic. Aromatic Plant. Res. 27(2): 596-605. (In Persian)
33.Makkizadeh, M., Nasrollahzadeh, S., Zehtab Salmasi, S., Chaichi, M. and Khavazi, K. 2011. The Effect of organic, biologic and chemical fertilizers on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). J. Agri. Sci. Sus. 22(4); 1-12. (In Persian)
34.Moradi, R., Nasiri Mahallati, M., Rezvani Moghaddam, P., Lakzian, A. and Nejad Ali, A. 2011. The effect of application of organic and biological fertilizers on quantity and quality of essential oil in fennel (Foeniculum vulgare). J. Hort. Sci. 25(1): 25-33. (In Persian)
35. Naghavi Maremati, A., Bahmanyar, M.A., Pirdashti, H. and Salak Gilani, S. 2007. Effect of different rate and type of organic and chemical fertilizers on yield and yield components of different rice cultivars. 10th Iranian Conference of Soil Science, Tehran, Iran. Pp: 766-767.
36.Neffati, M., Sriti, J., Hamdaoui, G., Kchouk, M.E. and Marzouk, B. 2011. Salinity impact on fruit yield, essential oil composition and antioxidant activities. Food Chem. 124(4): 221- 225.
37.Osman, Y.A.H. 2009. Comparative study of some agricultural treatments effects on plant growth, yield and chemical constituents of some fennel varieties under Sinai conditions. J. Agri Bio Sci. 5(4): 541-554.
38.Padmapriya, S. and Chezhiyan, N. 2009. Effect of shade, organic, inorganic and biofertilizers on morphology, yield and quality of turmeric. Ind. J. Hort. Sci. 66(3): 333-339.
39.Rahbarian, P., Afsharmanesh, G.R. and Shirzadi, M.H. 2010. Effects of low irrigation and cattle manure on dry herb yield and essential oil of dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) in Jiroft. J. Agri. Sci. 3(11): 55-64. (In Persian)
40. Ramadan, M.F. and Morsel, J.T. 2003. Analysis of glycolipids from black cumin (Nigella sativa L.), coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) and niger (Guizotia abyssinica Cass.) oil seeds. Exp. Agric. 91(5): 4-11.
41. Sadighi, H. and Alizadeh, K. 2009. Effect of biological nitrogen fertilizer (Azotobacter) and nitrogen fertilizer on yield, yield components and essential oil of coriander (Coriandrum sativum). J. Agri. Sci. 34(4): 924-913. (In Persian)
42.Safaei, L., Sharifi Ashoorabadi, E., Afiuni, D., Davazdah Emami, S. and Shoaii, A. 2014. The effect of different nutrition systems on aerial parts and essential oil yield of (Thymus daenensis Celak). Res. Agri. 30(5): 157-168. (In Persian)
43.Scheffer, M.C., Ronzelli Junior, P. and Koehler, H.S. 2007. Influence of organic fertilization on the biomass, yield and yield composition of the essential oil of (Achillea millefolium L.). Acta Hort. (ISHS) 33(1): 109-114.
44.Sefid kon, F. 1998. Study of shoots and fruit essential oil of coriander. J. Plant. 6(2): 191-194.
45. Sefidkon, F. 2001. Evaluation of qualitative and quantitative essential oil fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) in different stages of growth. J. Agri. Technol., 8(2): 223-234.
46.Sharma, A.K. 2002. Biofertilizers for sustainable agriculture. J. Exp. Bota. 57: 1795-1807.
47.Singh, M. and Ramesh, S. 2002. Response of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) to organic and inorganic fertilizer in semi-arid tropical conditions. J. Plant Nut. Soil Sci. 74(6): 154-162.
48.Singh, M., Singh, A., Singh, S., Tripathi, R.S., Singh, A.K. and Patra, D.D. 2010. Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) as a green manure to improve the productivity of a menthol mint (Mentha arvensis L.) intercropping system. Ind. Crop Prod. 31(2): 289–293.
49.Tindal, D.L., Dufault, R.J., David Gangemi, J., Rushing, J. and Boyleston, L.J. 2013. Production and development of Nutraceuticals as alternative crops: implications for certification and branding: Part I. (Final Report Submitted to USDA-AMS, FSMIP), 25 November.
50.Volatil, O. 2000. Coriander (Coriandrum sativum). J. Sci. Food Agri. 51(2) 167-172.
51.Yassen, A.A. and Khalid, K.A. 2009. Influence of organic fertilizers on the yield, essential oil and mineral content of onion. J. Agro physics. 23(2): 183-188.
پژوهش‌های تولید گیاهی
دوره 24، شماره 4
اسفند 1396
صفحه 13-29

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار