مطالعه ویژگی‌های زراعی، عملکرد گل و درصد اینولین ریشه کاسنی (Cichorium intibus) تحت تاثیر حاصلخیزکننده‌های خاک و تنش خشکی

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گیاهان دارویی، دانشگاه زابل

2 دانشیار گروه زراعت، دانشگاه زابل

3 استاد گروه زراعت، دانشگاه زابل

4 مربی گروه زراعت پژوهشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: کاسنی از خانواده آستراسه و دارای برگ‌های آبی و یا صورتی است و گونه‌ی گیاهی با ارزش که سرشار از فلاونوئید و اینولین است و ریشه آن بعنوان تنها منبع ریشه‌ای تولید اینولین است. تنش خشکی یکی از مهمترین عوامل محدود کننده عملکرد در دنیا به شمار می‌رود. به منظور بررسی ویژگی‌های زراعی، عملکرد گل و درصد اینولین ریشه کاسنی تحت تیمارهای مختلف کود زیستی و تنش خشکی پژوهش حاضر انجام شد.
مواد و روش‌ها: مطالعه حاضر به‌صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال زراعی 94- 1393 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی پژوهشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه زابل انجام شد. عامل اصلی تنش خشکی شامل: آبیاری بر اساس 90، 70 و 50 درصد ظرفیت زراعی در کل دوره رشد و عامل فرعی کودهای زیستی شامل: شاهد (عدم کاربرد کود)، نیتروکسین، ریزموجودات مفید (Effective Microorganism=EM) و نانو کلات پتاسیم بودند. ویژگی‌های از قبیل ارتفاع بوته، تعداد ساقه در بوته، تعداد گل در بوته، عملکرد گل، وزن خشک و تر ریشه، درصد نیتروژن برگ و درصد اینولین مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. برای اعمال تنش خشکی از دستگاه TDR استفاده شد. پس از جمع‌آوری داده‌ها، برای تجزیه و تحلیل آماری از نرم‌افزار SAS استفاده شد و مقایسه میانگین‌ها به کمک آزمون دانکن در سطح احتمال پنج درصد انجام گرفت.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که تاثیر برهمکنش تنش خشکی و کودهای زیستی، بر کلیه ویژگی‌های مورد بررسی به جز ارتفاع بوته معنی‌دار شد. نتایج نشان داد با افزایش شدت تنش ارتفاع بوته، تعداد ساقه و گل در بوته، عملکرد گل، وزن ‌تر و خشک ریشه، درصد اینولین ریشه و درصد نیتروژن برگ کاهش یافت. کاربرد کودهای زیستی نیز سبب افزایش ویژگی‌های مورد بررسی گردید. بیشترین ارتفاع بوته، تعداد ساقه و گل در بوته، عملکرد گل، وزن تر و خشک ریشه و درصد اینولین ریشه از آبیاری کامل، همراه با کاربرد کود EM به‌دست آمد. کاربرد کود زیستی EM در تیمارهای آبیاری پس از 70 و 50 درصد ظرفیت زراعی به‌ترتیب رتبه‌های دوم و سوم درصد اینولین را نشان دادند. با افزایش شدت تنش از شاهد به تیمار آبیاری پس از 50 درصد ظرفیت زراعی، درصد نیتروژن برگ کاهش یافت به‌طوری‌که بیشترین درصد نیتروژن از آبیاری پس از 90 درصد ظرفیت زراعی توام با کاربرد نیتروکسین و کمترین آن از اعمال تنش شدید خشکی و عدم کاربرد کود حاصل شد.
نتیجه‌گیری: در این آزمایش بهترین تیمار برای بیشترین وزن تر، خشک و درصد اینولین ریشه، کاربرد ریز موجودات(EM) در شرایط 90 درصد ظرفیت زراعی بود. به‌طور کلی می‌توان بیان داشت که استفاده از کودهای زیستی می‌تواند باعث تعدیل اثر تنش خشکی در گیاه دارویی کاسنی گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Study of agronomical characteristics, flower yield and root inulin percentage of chicory (Chicorium intybus L.) under soil fertilizers and drought stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • Navid Rezaienia 1
  • Mahmood Ramroudi 2
  • Mohammad Galavi 3
  • Mohammad Forouzandeh 4
1 M.Sc. Student of Medicinal Plants, University of Zabol, Iran
2 Associated Prof., Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Iran
3 Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Iran
4 Instructor, Institute Agricultural Research, University of Zabol, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: Chicory is belongs to the Asteraceae family the leaves colors are blue or pink and valuable medicinal specie that is rich of felavonoeds and inulin and root is only source of inulin production. Drought stress is as an important limitation for yield in the world. Thus, the present study with the aim of evaluating the agronomical traits and root inulin percentage of chicory under different bio-fertilizer treatments and drought stress was carried out.
Materials and methods: The study pereset a split plot experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the Agricultural Research Institute (Chah nimeh), University of Zabol, Iran in 2014-2015. The main plots were there irrigation levels (irrigation after 50 (control), 70 and 90% of field capacity) and sub plots were four fertilizer rates (without fertilizer (control), inoculation of nitroxin, effective microorganism fertilizer (EM) and foliar application of nano potassium chelate). Such traits as plant height, number of branch per plant, number of flower per plant, flower yield, root and shoot fresh weight, leaf N percentage and inulin percentage, were evaluated. To apply drought stress has been used from TDR set. After data collection statistical analysis was performed using SAS program and Means were separated according to the least significant difference (DMRT) at 0.05 level of probability.
Results: The results showed that the interaction of drought stress and bio-fertilizers had a significant effect on all traits except plant height. The results showed with increasing in stress rate, plant height, number of branch per plant, number of flower per plant, flower yield, root fresh and dry weight, inulin percentage and leaf N percentage, decreased. The bio-fertilizers application improved all traits. The maximum plant height, number of branch per plant, number of flower per plant, flower yield, root fresh and dry weight and inulin percentage were obtained from irrigation after 90% field capacity along with EM application. With increasing in drought rates from control to 50% FC, leaf nitrogen percentage decreased so that the highest leaf nitrogen was obtained from irrigation after 90% FC along with nitroxin application and the lowest was belonged to severe drought stress without fertilizer.
Conclusion: In this experiment, optimum treatment for highest of fresh and dry weight and inulin perceantage was microorganism fertilizer (EM) application in 90% FC condition. In general, the results revealed that to achieve high yield of chicory, irrigation after 90% FC along with EM could be used.
Keywords: Irrigation, Nano potassium chelate, Nitrogen percentage, Number of flower per plant

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Irrigation
  • Nano potassium chelate
  • Nitrogen percentage
  • Number of flower per plant

مراجع

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پژوهش‌های تولید گیاهی
دوره 24، شماره 4
اسفند 1396
صفحه 129-140

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