بررسی تاثیر غلظت و زمان تنک شیمیایی و دستی بر بهبود صفات کمی و کیفی میوه‌ شلیل رقم "شبرنگ"

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 پژوهشکده ملی کشمش و انگور

2 دانشگاه بوعلی

3 گروه باغبانی، دانشگاه تبریز

4 عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه ملایر

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: در اغلب درختان میوه با وجود تبدیل نشدن همه گل ها به میوه، میزان باردهی بیش از توان درخت می باشد و این امر باعث کاهش کیفیت محصول و کاهش عمر درخت می گردد. در حالی که در بسیاری از درختان میوه تبدیل 5 تا 15 درصد از گل ها به میوه منجر به تولید اقتصادی می گردد. باید تلاش کرد تا اندازه و کیفیت میوه تولید شده سازگار با شرایط فروش در بازار باشد. هدف از علم باغبانی به حد مطلوب رساندن بارآوری سالانه و تولید محصول در سراسر طول عمر باغ می باشد. این پژوهش برای بررسی تاثیر چند تنک کننده معدنی و یک تنظیم کننده‌ زیستی بر ویژگی‌های کمی و کیفی میوه شلیل رقم "شبرنگ" و مقایسه‌ آن با تنک دستی گل و میوه صورت گرفت.
مواد و روش ها: آزمایش در سال 1393-1392 در یک باغ تجاری در شهرستان سمیرم به صورت طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با 15 تیمار و 5 تکرار انجام شد. تیمارها شامل سه ترکیب گوگرد- آهک (6درصد، 8 درصد و دوبار کاربرد 6 درصد)، آمونیوم تیو سولفات (20، 25 میلی لیتر بر لیتر و دوبار کاربرد 20 میلی لیتر بر لیتر) و تنظیم کننده آپوجی (300، 450 میلی گرم در لیتر و دوبار کاربرد 300 میلی گرم در لیتر) و دو تیمار تنک دستی گل در مرحله 80-70 درصد گلدهی و تنک دستی میوه چهار هفته پس از مرحله تمام گل بود. تیمارهای دو بار کاربرد در دو مرحله 40-30 درصد گلدهی و سپس در 80-70 درصد گلدهی به صورت محلول پاشی اعمال گردید.
یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد که تمام تیمارها روی صفات مورد بررسی در سطح یک درصد تاثیر معنی دار داشت. تیمارها باعث کاهش تشکیل میوه شدند به طوری که در تیمار تنک دستی گل، دوبار مصرف آمونیوم تیو سولفات 20 میلی لیتر در لیتر و دوبار مصرف گوگرد آهک 6درصد میزان تشکیل میوه تا 50 درصد کاهش یافت. تنک دستی گل از نظر اندازه (32/113 سانتیمتر مکعب) و وزن (34/151 گرم) میوه بهترین تیمار بود و بیشترین عملکرد مربوط به شاهد (42/90 کیلوگرم در درخت) بود و کمترین آن مربوط به تیمار تنک دستی میوه (04/64 کیلوگرم در درخت) بود. راندمان عملکرد در تیمار شاهد (32/3) بیشتر از سایر تیمار ها بود و کمترین مقدار آن مربوط به تیمار دوبار مصرف گوگرد آهک 6درصد (99/1) و آپوجی دوبار مصرف 300 میلی گرم در لیتر (01/2) بود. از نظر صفات کیفی بیشترین مواد جامد محلول در تیمار تنک دستی گل (49/17درصد) و سپس میوه (53/16درصد) ثبت گردید و پس از آن بهترین نتایج در تیمارهای دوبار مصرف ترکیبات تنک کننده بدست آمد. بیشترین اسید کل در تیمار گوگرد آهک 6درصد (88/4 میلی گرم در 100 میلی لیتر آب میوه) ثبت شد و از نظر شاخص رسیدگی بیشترین شاخص مربوط به تنک دستی گل (26/4) بود. بیشترین میزان سطح برگ در تیمار دوبار مصرف غلظت 20 میلی لیتر بر لیتر ATS (42/70 سانتیمتر مربع) و دوبار مصرف اوره 4درصد (18/69 سانتیمتر مربع) بود و کمترین میزان سطح برگ در شاهد (81/55 سانتیمتر مربع) ثبت گردید. شاخص کیفی رنگ میوه در تیمار تنک دستی گل (74/4) از سایر تیمار ها بیشتر بود و کمترین رنگ میوه مربوط به تیمار گوگرد آهک 6درصد (38/3) بود.
نتیجه گیری: تنک دستی تنک منظم تر، میوه های بزرگتر، پر رنگ تر و با قند بالاتر حاصل کرد. همچنین نتایج تنک دستی گل بهتر از تنک دستی میوه بود. براساس نتایج به طور کلی استفاده دو مرحله ای ترکیبات، اثرات مناسب‌تری بر صفات کمی و کیفی میوه ایجاد کرد. ترکیب گوگردآهک در تیمار 8درصد و دوبار مصرف 6درصد مقداری سوزانندگی برگ ایجاد کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Study of effects of concentration and time of chemical thinning on improve the quality and quantity characteristics of nectarine "Shabrang"

نویسندگان [English]

  • wahab asadi 1
  • mansour gholami 2
  • nooshin kazemi 3
  • mousa rasouli 4
1
2 Dept. of Horticultural Sciences, Bu-Ali University, Hamedan, Iran.
3 Dept. Of Horticultural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, IRAN.
4 Dept. of Horticultural Sciences, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: In most fruit trees, despite the fact that all the flowers are not converted to fruit, the amount of production is more than the tree's capacity, which reduces the quality of the crop and reduces the yield of the tree. While in many fruit trees, the conversion of 5 to 15 percent of the flowers into fruits leads to economic production. The size and quality of the fruit produced should be consistent with market conditions. The goal of horticultural Science is to achieve the desirable annual yield and produce throughout the life of the garden. This research was carried out to investigate the effect of a few mineral thinners and a biological regulator on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the nectarine "Shabrang" and its comparison with hand-thinning of flowers and fruits.
Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted in a commercial garden in Semirom in 2012-2014 as a randomized complete block design with 15 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments consisted of lime-sulfur (6, 8% and twice the application of 6%), ammonium thiosulfate (20, 25 ml per liter and twice the application of 20 ml per liter), urea (4, 8% and twice 4%) and Apogee (300, 450 mg / L and twice the use 300 mg / L) at flowering stage (spraying in single stage treatments in 70-80% of flowering and two-stage treatments first in 30-40% and then in 70-80% flowering), flower hand- thinning in the 70-80% flowering stage and then four weeks after the flowering stage were applied to selected trees.
Results: The results showed that all treatments had a significant effect on the traits of nectarine "Shabrang" at 1% level. The treatments reduced the fruit set, so that in the hand-thinning treatment of flowers, twice ATS 20 ml per liter and twice lime sulfur 6% reduced the fruit set by 50%. Flower hand-thinning were the best treatment in terms of size (11.33 cm3) and weight (151.34 gr) and the highest yield was related to control (90.42 kg per tree) and the least yield was related to fruit hand-thinning treatment (64.04 kg per tree). The yield efficiency in control treatment (3.32 )fruit/trunk cross-section area) was higher than other treatments and its least amount was for the twice lime sulfur 6% (1.99 fruit/trunk cross-section area) and twice apogee 300 mg / lit (2.01 fruit/trunk cross-section area). In terms of qualitative traits, the highest total soluble solids were recorded in flower (17.49%) and fruit (16.53%) hand-thinning respectively, after which the best results were obtained in the twice treatments of thinning compounds. The highest amount of total acid was recorded in lime sulfur 6% (4.88 mg / 100 ml juice) and flower hand-thinning (4.26 mg / 100 ml juice) had the highest index of ripening among all treatments. The highest of leaf area was in twice ATS 20 ml/L (70.42 cm2) and twice urea 4% (69.18 cm2) and the least of leaf area was recorded in control (55.81 cm2). Fruit color as one of the qualitative indices in flower hand-thinning (4.74) was higher than other treatments and the least amount of fruit color was related to lime sulfate 6% treatment (3/38).
Conclusion: Flower hand-thinning created a more regular thinning, larger and more colorful fruits and with higher sugar. The results also showed that the flower hand-thinning was better than the fruit hand-thinning. In general, two-step treatments of the compounds produced more suitable effects on the quantitative and qualitative traits of nectarine. However lime sulfur in 8% and twice using 6% caused some leaf burning.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Nectarine
  • Lime-sulfur
  • Ammonium thiosulfate
  • Apogee
  • Urea

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پژوهش‌های تولید گیاهی
دوره 26، شماره 1
خرداد 1398
صفحه 89-106

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