اثر سدیم نیتروپروساید بر صفات رشدی، فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی سیب زمینی رقم آگریا تحت تنش شوری در شرایط درون شیشه‌ای

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران.

2 گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

3 عضو هیئت علمی، گروه باغبانی دانشگاه تبریز

4 گروه بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز، ایران.

5 گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه مراغه

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: تنش‌های محیطی از جمله شوری به شدت پراکنش و عملکرد گیاهان را کاهش و تولید محصولات کشاورزی را در سراسر جهان محدود می‌کنند. نیتریک اکسید یک مولکول فعال زیستی می‌باشد که در گیاهان توسط مسیرهای آنزیمی و غیر آنزیمی تحت شرایط تنش در اندام‌های مختلف گیاه تولید می‌شود و واکنش‌های دفاعی گیاه را تنظیم و تعدیل می‌کند. سیب‌زمینی از نظر سطح زیر کشت چهارمین محصول مهم دنیا محسوب می شود که در نواحی نیمه خشک، تنش شوری به عنوان مانع اصلی تولید این محصول می‌باشد. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی اثر سدیم نیتروپروساید به عنوان ترکیب آزاد کننده نیتریک اکسید بر صفات رشدی و بیوشیمیایی سیب زمینی رقم آگریا تحت تنش شوری در شرایط درون شیشه‌ای انجام شد.
مواد و روش‌ها: این آزمایش در آزمایشگاه‌های کشت بافت گیاهی و تنظیم کننده‌های رشد گیاهی گروه علوم باغبانی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تبریز انجام گرفت. در این آزمایش از ریزنمونه‌های حاصل از کشت قطعات تک جوانه‌ای ساقه سیب‌زمینی رقم آگریا استفاده شد. به منظور اعمال تیمار قطعات تک جوانه‌ای ساقه سیب‌زمینی رقم آگریا در محیط کشت MS با نصف غلظت عناصر ماکرو و میکرو دارای چهار سطح سدیم نیتروپروساید (0، 10-3، 10-4 و 5-10 میلی‌مولار) و دو سطح شوری (0 و 70 میلی‌مولار NaCl) کشت گردیدند.
یافته‌ها: نتایج حاصل نشان داد که تحت تنش شوری تعداد برگ، ارتفاع، وزن تر و خشک گیاهچه‌های سیب‌زمینی کاهش یافت، همچنین میزان کلروفیل‌ها، کاروتنوئیدها، پروتئین و فنل گیاهچه‌ها را نیز کاهش معنی‌داری نشان داد. استفاده از سدیم نیتروپروساید با غلظت‌های مختلف در محیط کشت به عنوان ترکیب آزاد کننده NO تأثیر معنی‌داری در مقدار کلروفیل‌ها و کارتنوئیدهای گیاهچه‌های سیب-زمینی داشت. در مقابل میزان فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی و محتوای گلایسین بتائین در بافت‌های گیاهچه‌های درون شیشه‌ای سیب‌زمینی تحت تنش شوری افزایش معنی‌داری داشتند. استفاده از سدیم نیتروپروساید در محیط کشت باعث بهبود شاخص‌های رشدی، فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی تحت تنش شوری گردید.
نتیجه‌گیری: کاربرد سدیم نیتروپروساید موجب بهبود رشد و افزایش مقدار پروتئین و فنل و فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی گیاهان در شرایط تنش و غیر تنش شد. سدیم نیتروپروساید، اثرات منفی تنش را از طریق افزایش مقدار آنتی‌اکسیدا‌ن‌های غیر آنزیمی (فنل) و افزایش فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدان (آسکوربات پراکسیداز و سوپر اکسید دیسموتاز) تعدیل نمود. اگر چه کاربرد سدیم نیتروپروساید در شرایط غیر تنش موجب افزایش مقدار گلایسین بتائین گردید ولی تحت شرایط تنش شوری اثر منفی بر مقدار این ترکیب داشت. لذا چنین به نظر می‌ر‌سد که کاربرد این ماده در مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک می‌تواند با کاهش اثرات زیانبار شوری و جلوگیری از کاهش عملکرد به بهبود اقتصاد کشاورزان کمک نماید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of sodium nitroprusside on growth, physiological and biochemical characters of Solanum tuberosum cv. Agria under salinity stress on in vitro condition

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zhila Mohammadi 1
  • Alireza Motallebi Azar 2
  • Fariborz Zaare-Nahandi 3
  • Alireza Tarinejad 4
  • Gholamreza Gohari 5
1 1Department of Horticulture, Faculty Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
2 Department of Horticulture, Faculty Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran.
3 1Department of Horticulture, Faculty Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
4 Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran.
5 Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Salinity stress is the certain factor that seriously constrains agricultural production in various regions especially in arid and semi-arid areas. Nitric oxide is a bioactive molecule that synthesis via enzymatic and non-enzymatic pathways under stress conditions in different organs of plant, regulates and adjustments defense reactions of plant. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) is used as a releasing compound of nitric oxide. Many studies have shown that this compound can protect plant under oxidative stresses and maintain chlorophyll. SNP could improve the effects of salinity and increased chlorophyll in cotton. Salinity is a serious environmental stress in the regions around Urmia Salt Lake and grapevine is one of the most economically important fruit crops in south west of Iran.
Material and Methods: This study was investigated the effect of sodium nitroprussdie as a nitric oxide donor, on growth characters (leave number, plantlet height, fresh and dry weight), physiological (chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids) and biochemical (antioxidant activity, total phenol, protein and glycine betaine) characters of Solanum tuberosum cv. Agria under salinity stress on in vitro condition. For treatment the single node of S. tuberosum cv. Agria stem were cultured in MS medium with half concentration of macro and micro elements contained four levels of sodium nitroprosside (0, 10-3, 10-4 and 10-5 mM) and two levels of salinity (0 and 70 mM).
Results: Obtained results showed that under salinity stress leaves number, height and fresh and dry weight of plantlets decreased, also chlorophylls, carotenoids, protein and total phenol of plantlets showed significant reduction. In contrast, antioxidant activity and glycine betaine content of in vitro plantlets significantly increased. Application of sodium nitroprusside in media culture caused to improvement of growth, physiological and biochemical characters under salinity stress.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, antioxidant activity, total phenol and protein were decreased by application salinity stress. In addition, antioxidant activity and glycine betaine content during salt stress period was decreased application of nitric oxide. The glycine betaine content of plantlets in general condition with application of sodium nitroprosside increased but under salinity stress, sodium nitroprosside had negative effect on glycine betaine content. The results of this research showed that with increasing antioxidant activity, total phenol, protein can tolerate salt solution and also applying the SNP enhance plant tolerance to salinity. Further studies are necessary to determine optimum concentration and duration of NO application in order to achieve maximum benefit of this chemical in Solanum tuberosum tissue culture

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Salinity stress
  • nitric oxide
  • Antioxidant activity
  • glycine betaine
1.Abdel-Basset, R., Issa, A.A. and Adam, M.S. 1995. Chlorophyllase activity: Effect of heavy metals and calcium. Photosynthetica. 31: 421-425.
2.Ahammed, G.J., Choudhary, S.P., Chen, S. and Xia, X. 2013. Role of brassinosteroids in alleviation of phenanthrene-cadmium cocontamination- induced N photosynthetic inhibition and oxidative Stress in tomato. J. Exp. Bot. 64: 199-213.
3.Ahmad, P., Abdel Latef, A.A., Abd_Allah, E.F., Hashem, A., Sarwat, M., Anjum, N.A. and Gucel, S. 2016. Calcium and potassium supplementation enhanced growth, osmolyte secondary metabolite prodjduction, and enzymatic antioxidant machinery in madmium-exposed chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Front. Plant Sci. 7: 513.
4.Apel, K. and Hirt, H. 2004. Reactive oxygen species: metabolism, oxidative stress, and signal transduction. Ann. Rev. Plant Bio. 55: 373-399.
5.Arnon, A.N. 1967. Method of extraction of chlorophyll in the plants. Agron. J.23: 112-121.
6.Bates, L.S., Waldren, R.P. and Teare, I.D. 1973. Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies. Plant Soil.
39: 205-207.
7.Broadley, M., Willey, M.J., Wilkins, J.C., Baker, A.J.M., Mead, A. and White, P.J. 2001. Phylogenetic variation in heavy metal accumulation in angiosperms. New Phytol. 152: 9-27.
8.Chen, Y., Yang, W., Chao, Y., Wang, S., Tang, Y. and Qiu, R. 2017. Metal-tolerant enterobacter sp. strain EG16 enhanced phytoremediation using Hibiscus cannabinus via siderophore-mediated plant growth promotion under metal contamination. Plant Soil. 413: 203-216.
9.Dell’Amico, E., Cavalca, L. and Andreoni, V. 2008. Improvement of Brassica napus growth under cadmium stress by cadmium-resistant rhizobacteria. Soil Bio. Biochem. 40: 74-84.
10.Devi, R., Munjral, N., Gupta, A.K. and Kaur, N. 2007. Cadmium induced changes in carbohydrate status and enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism, glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway in pea. Environ. Exp. Bot.61: 167-177.
11.Dietz, K.J., Baier, M. and Kramer, U. 1999. Free radicals and reactive oxygen species as mediator of heavy metal toxicity in plants. In: Prasad, M. N. V. and Hagemeyer, J. heavy metal stress in plants. From molecules to ecosystem, eds. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. Pp: 73-89.
12.Dong, J., Fei-bo, W.U. and Guo-ping, Z. 2005. Effect of cadmium on growth and photosynthesis of tomato seedlings.
J. Zhejiang Univ. 6: 974-980.
13.Feng, J., Shi, Q., Wang, X., Wei, M., Yang, F. and Xu, H. 2010. Silicon supplementation ameliorated the inhibition of photosynthesis and nitrate metabolism by cadmium (Cd) toxicityin Cucumis sativus L. Sci. Hort.123: 521-530.
14.Gadallah, M.A.A. 1995. Effects of cadmium and kinetin on chlorophyll content, saccharides and dry matteraccumulation in sunflower plants. Biol. Plant. 37: 233-240.
15.Glick, B.R. 2010. Using soil bacteria to facilitate phytoremediation. Biotechnol. Adv. 28: 367-374.
16.Guo, R., Yuan, G. and Wang, Q. 2011. Effects of sucrose and mannitol accumulation of health promoting component and activity of metabolic enzyme in brocolli sprout. Sci. Hort. 128: 159-165.
17.Gururani, M.A., Venkatesh, J., Upadhyaya, C.P., Nookaraju, A., Pandey, S.K. and Park, S.W. 2012. Plant disease resistance genes: Current status and future directions. Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. 78: 51-65.
18.Hasegawa, P.M., Bressan, R.A., Zhu, J.K. and Bohnert, H.J. 2000. Plant cellular and molecular responses to high salinity. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 51: 463-499.
19.He, J.Y., Ren, Y.F., Lu, Y.F. andChang, H.Q. 2014. Cadmium impairs early seedling growth, mineral and carbohydrate mobilization during the germination of rice seeds. Adv. Mat. Res. 864: 243-247.
20.Horvath, E., Szalai, G. and Janda, T. 2007. Induction of abiotic stress tolerance by salicylic acid signaling. J. Plant Growth Reg. 26: 290-300.
21.Ibrahim, M.H., Ismail, A., Omar, H., Mohd Nadzir, M.N.H. and MohdZain, N.A. 2017. Primary, secondary metabolites, biochemical and antioxidant activity of Orthosiphon staminues Benth (Misai Kucing) under cadmium exposure. Ann. Res. Rev. Biol. 19: 1-14.
22.Ildiko, S.G., Klara, K.A., Marianna, T.M., Gnes, B.A., Zsuzsanna, M.B. and Balint, C. 2006. The effect of radio frequency heat treatment on nutritional and colloid-chemical properties of different white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) varieties. Innov. Food Sci. Emerging Technol. 7: 74-79.
23.Irfan, M., Hasan, S.A., Hayat, S. and Ahmad, A. 2015. Photosynthetic variation and yield attributes of two mustard varieties against cadmium phytotoxicity. Cog. Food Agric.1: 1106186.
24.Kim, Y.A., Kong, C.S., Um, Y.R., Lim, S.Y., Yea, S.S. and Seo, Y. 2009. Evaluation of Salicornia herbacea as a potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. J. Med. Food.12: 661-668.
25.Kuo, C.L., Chao, Y.Y. and Kao, C.H. 2011. Heat shock pretreatment suppresses cadmium induced ammonium ion accumulation and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activityin rice seedling leaves. Bot. Stud.52: 471-478.
26.Küpper, H., Küpper, F. and Spiller, M. 1998. In situ detection of heavy metal substituted chlorophylls in water plants. Photosynthesis Res. 58: 123-133.
27.Liu, D.H., Jiang, W.S. and Hou, W.Q. 2006. Uptake and accumulation of cadmium by roots and shoots of maize (Zea mays L.). Pak. J. Bot. 38: 701-709.
28.Ma, Y., Rajkumar, M. and Freitas, H. 2009. Isolation and characterization of Ni mobilizing PGPB from serpentine soils and their potential in promoting plant growth and Ni accumulation by Brassica spp. Chemosphere. 75: 719-725.
29.Mancinelli, A.L. 1984. Photoregulation of anthocyanin synthesis. Plant Physiol. 75: 447-453.
30.Mishra, A., Benham, B.L. and Mostaghimi, S. 2006. Sediment and nutrient losses from field scale cropland plots treated with animal manure and nitrogen fertilizer. Water Air Soil Pollut. 175: 61-67.
31.Mysliwa-Kurdziel, B., Prasad, M.N.V. and Strzalka, K. 2004. Photosynthesis in heavy metal stressed plants. P 47–119, In: M.N.V. Prasad (Eds), Heavy metal stress in plants, from biomolecules to ecosystems. New Delhi, Springer-Verlag. Heidelberg, Narosa.
32.Nazarbeygi, E., Lari Yazdi, H., Naseri, R. and Soleimani, R. 2011. The effects of different levels of salinity on proline and A-, B- chlorophylls in canola. Am-Eur J. Agric. Environ. Sci. 10: 70-74.
33.Panda, S.K. 2003. Heavy metal phytotoxicity induces oxidative stress in a moss, Taxithellium sp. Curr. Sci.84: 631-633.
34.Rady, M.M. and Mohamed, G.F. 2015. Modulation of salt stress effects on the growth, physio-chemical attributes and yields of Phaseolus vulgaris L. plants by the combined application of salicylic acid and Moringa oleifera leaf extract. Sci. Hort. 193: 105-113.
35.Rafati Rahimzadeh, M., Rafati Rahimzadeh, M., Kazemi, S. and Moghadamnia, A.A. 2014. Current approaches of the management of mercury poisoning: need of the hour. DARU. 22: 46.
36.Rajkumar, M., Sandhya, S., Prasad, M.N.V. and Freitas, H. 2012. Perspectives of plant associated microbes in heavy metal phytoremediation. Biotechnol. Adv.30: 1562-1574.
37.Rizza, F., Crossatti, C., Stancan, M. and Cattevelli, L. 1994. Studies for assessing the influences of hardening on
cold tolerance of barley genotypes. Euphytica. 75: 131-138.
38.Sharma, A. and Dhiman, A. 2014. Nickel and cadmium toxicity in plants. J. Pharm. Sci. Innov. 2: 20-24.
39.Sheligl, H.Q. 1986. Die verwertung orgngischer souren durch chlorella lincht. Planta J. 47-51.
40.Shi, G.R., Cai, Q.S., Liu, Q.Q. andWu, L. 2009. Salicylic acid-mediated alleviation of cadmium toxicity in hemp plants in relation to cadmium uptake, photosynthesis, and antioxidant enzymes. Acta Physiol. Plant. 31: 969-977.
41.Siddiqui, M.H., Mohammad, F., Khan, M.M.A. and Al-Whaibi, M.H. 2011. Cumulative effect of nitrogen and sulphur on Brassica juncea L. genotypes under NaCl stress. Protoplasma.
42.Slinkard, K. and Singleton, V.L. 1977. Total phenol analyses: Automation and Comparison with Manual Methods. Am. J. Enol. Viticult. 28: 49-55.
43.Strzałka, K., Kostecka-Gugała, A. and Latowski, D. 2003. Carotenoids and environmental stress in plants: significance of carotenoid-mediated modulation of membrane physical properties. Russ. J. Plant Physiol.50: 168-173.
44.Szepesi, A. 2006. Salicylic acid improves the acclimation of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. L. to high salinity by approximating its salt stress response to that of the wild species L. Pennellii”. Acta Biol. Szegediensis. 50: 177.
45.Upreti, K.K. and Sharma, M. 2016. Role of plant growth regulators in abiotic stress tolerance. Abiotic Stress Physiol. Hortic. Crops. 58: 19-47.
46.Vafadar, R., Ghavidel, A., Goli Kalanpa, E. and Soltani, A.A. 2017. The effectof Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas putida on some soil biological properties and plant growth indices of wheat under salt stress. J. agric. Sci. Sust. Prod. 27: 65-79.
47.Valentovic, P., Luxova, M., Kolarovi, L. and Gasparikora, O. 2006. Effect of osmotic stress on compatible solutes content, memberane stability and water relation in two maizes. Plant Soil Environ. 52: 186-191.
48.Vardhini, B.V. 2013. Brassinosteroids, role for amino acids, peptides and amines modulation in stressed plants- A review. P 300-316, In: N.A. Anjum, S.S. Gill and R. Gill (Eds.), Plant adaptation to environmental change: Significance of amino acids and their derivatives. International of Nosworthy Way, Wallingford OX10 8DE, United Kingdom.
49.Walker, V., Bertrand, C., Bellvert, F., Moënne-Loccoz, Y., Bally, R. and Comte, G. 2011. Host plant secondary metabolite profiling shows a complex, strain-dependent response of maize to plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria of the genus Azospirillum. New Phytol. 189: 494-506.
50.Walker, V., Couillerot, O., Von Felten, A., Bellvert, F., Jansa, J. and Maurhofer, M. 2012. Variation of secondary metabolite levels in maize seedling roots induced by inoculation with Azospirillum, Pseudomonas and Glomus consortium under field conditions. Plant Soil. 356: 151-163.
51.Xu, W., Peng, H., Yang, T., Whitaker, B., Huang, L. and Sun, J. 2014. Effect of calcium on strawberry fruit flavonoid pathway gene expression and anthocyanin accumulation. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 82: 289-298.
52.Zhang, Z., Xuequn, P., Yang, C., Ji, Z. and Jiang, Y. 2004. Purification and structural analysis of anthocyanins from litchi pericarp. Food Chem. 84: 601-604.
53.Zhang, F., Zhang, H., Xia, Y. and Wang, G. 2011. Exogenous application of salicylic acid alleviates cadmium toxicity and reduces hydrogen peroxide accumulation in root apoplasts of Phaseolus aureus and Vicia sativa. Plant Cell Reports. 30: 1475-1483.
54.Zhishen, J., Mengcheng, T. and Jianming, W. 1999. The determination of flavonoid contents in mulberry and their scavenging effects on superoxide radicals. Food Chem. 64: 555-559.