تأثیر منبع نیتروژن بر ویژگی های رشدی، میزان کلروفیل و غلظت برخی عناصر غذایی گیاه ریحان (Ocimum basilicum L.) در سیستم کشت بدون خاک

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

2 عضو هیات علمی گروه علوم باغبانی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ارومیه

3 گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

4 موسسه تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: ریحان (Ocimum basilicum L.) گیاهی یکساله، معطر، علفی و متعلق به تیره نعناع است که به عنوان سبزی تازه و نیز به‌طور سنتی برای درمان بسیاری از بیماری‌ها مصرف می‌شود. تغذیه گیاه یکی از عوامل مهمی است که بر ویژگی‌های کمی و کیفی گیاهان اثر می‌گذارد. نیتروژن یکی از مهم‌ترین عناصر غذایی برای رشد و نمو گیاه است. گیاهان می‌توانند نیتروژن را به‌صورت نیترات یا آمونیوم جذب کنند و نسبت نیترات به آمونیوم مورد نیاز برای جذب و رشد بهینه برای هر گونه گیاهی متفاوت است. این آزمایش به منظور بررسی تأثیر نسبت‌های مختلف نیترات به آمونیوم بر خصوصیات مورفوفیزیولوژیکی و غلظت عناصر غذایی در گیاه ریحان در شرایط کشت هیدروپونیک انجام گرفت.
مواد و روش‌ها: به منظور مطالعه اثر نسبت‌های مختلف نیترات به آمونیوم (100:0، 75:25، 50:50، 25:75 و 0:100) بر گیاه ریحان در سیستم کشت هیدروپونیک، یک آزمایش گلدانی در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با چهار تکرار انجام شد. برای ارزیابی ویژگیهای رشدی (ارتفاع بوته، قطر ساقه، تعداد و سطح برگ‌ها، تعداد و طول شاخه‌های جانبی، وزن تر و خشک برگ‌ها، ساقه‌ها و ریشه‌ها)، میزان کلروفیل و غلظت عناصر (نیتروژن، فسفر، پتاسیم، آهن، مس، منگنز و روی در برگ‌ها و ریشه‌ها)، نمونه‌برداری از گیاهان در مرحله گلدهی انجام شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که شاخص‌های رشدی گیاه (نظیر تعداد برگ‌ها، تعداد و طول شاخه‌های جانبی، وزن تر و خشک برگ‌ها، ساقه‌ها و ریشه‌ها) و شاخص کلروفیل (SPAD) به‌طور معنی‌داری تحت تأثیر نسبت‌های مختلف نیترات به آمونیوم قرار گرفت. نسبت‌های مختلف نیترات به آمونیوم اثر معنی‌داری بر ارتفاع گیاه، قطر ساقه و سطح برگ نداشتند. با افزایش غلظت آمونیوم در محلول غذایی شاخص‌های رشدی و میزان کلروفیل کاهش یافت و برای اکثر شاخص‌های رشدی و میزان کلروفیل، نسبت 75:25 نیترات به آمونیوم مناسب‌ترین تیمار بود. همچنین غلظت نیتروژن، فسفر و مس در برگ‌ها و پتاسیم، آهن، منگنز و روی در برگ‌ها و ریشه‌ها به-طور معنی‌داری تحت تأثیر نسبت‌های نیترات به آمونیوم قرار گرفت. با کاهش نسبت نیترات به آمونیوم مقادیر نیتروژن، فسفر، آهن و روی در برگ‌ها افزایش یافت در حالی‌که مقادیر پتاسیم، مس و منگنز برگ‌ها و پتاسیم، آهن و منگنز ریشه‌ها کاهش یافت.
نتیجه‌گیری: یافته‌های این تحقیق نشان داد که گیاه ریحان برای رشد مناسب به غلظت‌های پایین‌تری از آمونیوم در محلول غذایی نیاز دارد. بنابراین محلول غذایی شامل نسبت 75:25 نیترات به آمونیوم برای تولید گیاه ریحان تحت شرایط کشت هیدروپونیک توصیه می-گردد.
واژه‌های کلیدی: آمونیوم، ریحان، عناصر کم‌مصرف، نیترات، هیدروپونیک

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of nitrogen source on growth parameters, chlorophyll content and some elemental concentration of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) in soilless culture conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Afsaneh Ansari 1
  • Abbas Hassani 2
  • Behnam Dovlati 3
  • Fatemeh Sefidkon 4
1 Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
2 Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University
3 Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
4 Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background: Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is an annual, aromatic and herbaceous plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family which is used as fresh vegetable and traditionally used to treatment many diseases. Plant nutrition is one of the important factors that affect quantitative and qualitative characteristics of plants. Nitrogen is one of the most important nutrients for plant growth and development. Plants can absorb nitrogen either as nitrate (NO3-) or ammonium (NH4+), and for optimal uptake and growth each plant species requires a different nitrate to ammonium ratio. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different nitrate to ammonium ratios on morphophysiological characteristics and element concentration of basil.
Materials and Methods: To study the effect of different nitrate to ammonium ratios (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100) on hydroponically grown basil, a pot experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications. In order to evaluate the growth parameters (plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, number and length of axillary shoots, fresh and dry weight of leaves, stems and roots), chlorophyll content and nutrients concentration (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, iron, copper, manganese and zinc in the leaves and roots), plant sampling was carried out at flowering stage.
Results: The results showed that plant growth parameters (such as number of leaves, number and length of axillary shoots, fresh and dry weight of leaves, roots and stems) and chlorophyll index (SPAD) were significantly affected by different nitrate to ammonium ratios. The different nitrate to ammonium ratios had no significant effect on plant height, stem diameter and leaf area. The growth parameters and chlorophyll content decreased with increasing of ammonium in nutrient solution and the 75:25 ratio of nitrate to ammonium was the most suitable treatment for most growth parameters and chlorophyll content. Also nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and copper (Cu) concentration in leaves and potassium (K), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) content in leaves and roots were significantly affected by nitrate to ammonium ratios. As nitrate to ammonium ratio decreased, N, P, Fe and Zn content of leaves increased, while K, Cu and Mn content of leaves and K, Fe and Mn content of roots decreased.
Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that basil plant requires lower concentrations of ammonium in nutrient solution for proper growth. Therefore, a solution containing 75:25 of nitrate to ammonium ratio is recommended for basil plant production under hydroponic culture coditions.

Key words: Ammonium, Basil, Hydroponic, Micronutrients, Nitrate

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Ammonium
  • Basil
  • Hydroponic
  • Micronutrients
  • Nitrate

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پژوهش‌های تولید گیاهی
دوره 26، شماره 1
خرداد 1398
صفحه 185-198

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