واکنش بذرهای پرایمینگ شده کلزا در پاسخ به دماهای مختلف

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

2 دانشگاه گلستان

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: جوانه‌زنی مطلوب بذر؛ دوام، استقرار و عملکرد گیاهان را تضمین می‌کند. بذرهایی که بتوانند در شرایط مختلف محیطی از سرعت و یکنواختی بالای جوانه‌زنی و سبز شدن برخوردار باشند در حصول عملکرد مناسب نقش قابل‌توجهی خواهند داشت. امروزه روش‌های مختلفی برای بهبود ویژگی‌های بذر وجود دارد که یکی از رایج‌ترین این تکنیک‌ها پرایمینگ بذر می‌باشد. پرایمینگ می‌تواند با بهبود درصد، سرعت و یکنواختی جوانه‌زنی و سبز شدن، باعث استقرار گیاه چه های قوی به‌ویژه در تنش‌های محیطی شود و موفقیت در تولید را به دنبال داشته باشد. همچنین شناخت پاسخ فیزیولوژیک بذرهای پرایمینگ شده نسبت به شرایط مختلف محیطی ازجمله تنش دمایی می‌تواند باعث اثربخشی دوچندان این تکنیک شود. بنابراین در این مطالعه واکنش بذرهای پرایمینگ شده ارقام مختلف کلزا به دما بررسی شد.

مواد و روش‌ها: ارقام کلزا مورداستفاده در این مطالعه شامل رقم‌های DK-xpower، تراپر و هایولا50 بود. به‌منظور اعمال تیمار پرایمینگ از دو روش هیدروپرایمینگ و اسموپرایمینگ استفاده شد. آزمون جوانه‌زنی در دماهای 5، 10، 15، 20، 25، 30، 35، 37 و 40 درجه سانتی‌گراد روی بذرهای پرایمینگ شده و بذرهای بدون پرایمینگ انجام و پاسخ درصد و سرعت جوانه‌زنی به دما بررسی شد.

یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که واکنش درصد جوانه‌زنی بذرهای ارقام کلزا در پاسخ به دما و تیمارهای پرایمینگ متفاوت بود و هر رقم رفتار متمایزی از خود نشان داد. اثرات پرایمینگ بر درصد جوانه‌زنی در دماهای پایین در رقم‌های هایولا50 و تراپر بسیار قابل‌توجه بود. همچنین پرایمینگ توانست در هر سه رقم مورد مطالعه، جوانه‌زنی در دماهای بالا را به‌طور معنی‌داری نسبت به بذرهای شاهد افزایش دهد. سرعت جوانه‌زنی نیز تحت تأثیر تیمار پرایمینگ و دما قرار گرفت و در کلیه دماها، سرعت جوانه‌زنی بذرهای پرایمینگ شده بیشتر از بذرهای بدون پرایمینگ بود. در هر سه رقم کلزا، پرایمینگ باعث کاهش دمای پایه (بین 4/0 تا 5/1 درجه سانتی‌گراد) جوانه‌زنی شد. دمای مطلوب جوانه‌زنی نیز به‌ویژه در رقم‌های تراپر و هایولا50، به‌شدت تحت تأثیر تیمار پرایمینگ قرار گرفت. همچنین پرایمینگ باعث افزایش دمای سقف جوانه‌زنی در بذرهای پرایمنگ شده نسبت به بذرهای شاهد (حدود 5-1 درجه سانتی‌گراد) شد. همچنین در اکثر دماها، بین تیمارهای پرایمینگ، تأثیر هیدروپرایمینگ بیشتر از اسموپرایمینگ بود.

نتیجه‌گیری: به‌طورکلی تیمارهای پرایمینگ توانستند باعث بهبود جوانه‌زنی بذرهای ارقام مختلف کلزا در دماهای مختلف شوند. همچنین پرایمینگ با رفع کمون ثانویه در دمای پایین و رفع بازدارندگی جوانه‌زنی در دمای بالا باعث بهبود شاخص‌های جوانه‌زنی در این دماها شد و توانست به‌طور قابل‌توجهی باعث کاهش حساسیت به دما و افزایش دامنه بردباری جوانه‌زنی شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The germination responses of primed Canola seeds to varying temperatures

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohsen Malek 1
  • Benjamin Torabi 1
  • Farshid Ghaderi-Far 1
  • Hamid Reza Sadeghipour 2
1 Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
2 Golestan University
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: Optimal seed germination guarantees the plant durability, establishment and yield. Uniform and rapid germination and emergence of seeds under various environmental conditions play a significant role in achieving suitable yield. Nowadays, there are several ways to improve seed characteristics, and one of the most commonly used ones is seed priming. Priming can increase the percentage, rate and uniformity of seed germination and emergence. These in turn results in the establishment of strong plant especially under environmental stresses and lead to success in production. In addition, knowledge on the physiological responses of primed seeds to different environmental conditions, including temperature stress, can increase the effectiveness of this technique. Therefore in this study, the reaction of primed seeds from canola cultivars to temperature was investigated.
Materials and Methods: The canola cultivars used in this study included DK-xpower, Traper and Hayola50. Hydroperiming and osmopriming were used as the priming treatments. Germination tests in primed and non-primed seeds were carried out at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 37 and 40 °C. Then the response of germination rate and germination percentage to temperature were investigated.
Results: The seed germination percentages of canola cultivars were different in response to temperature and priming treatments, and each cultivar had a distinct behavior. The effects of priming on germination percentage at low temperatures were significant in Hayola50 and Traper cultivars. Also, priming in all the studied cultivars could increase significantly the germination percentages at high temperatures. Germination rates were also affected by priming treatments and temperature. At each temperature, the germination rates of primed seeds were higher than non-primed ones. In all three canola cultivars, priming reduced the base temperature (from 0.4 to 1.5 °C). The optimum temperature was also strongly affected by priming treatments, especially in the Traper and Hayola50 cultivars. Also, ceiling temperatures in primed seeds increased with respect to control seeds (by about 1 to 5°C). In addition, under various temperatures, hydroperiming was more effective than osmopriming.Finally, priming could reduce the temperature sensitivity of seed germination and increase its tolerance to high temperatures.
Conclusion: In general, priming treatments were able to improve seed germination of canola cultivars at different temperatures. Also, priming by either removing the secondary dormancy at low temperatures and /or improved germination under high temperatures was able to improve germination indices at examined temperatures. Finally, priming could reduce the temperature sensitivity of seed germination and increase its tolerance to high temperatures.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Dormancy
  • Secondary dormancy
  • Hydropriming
  • Osmopriming

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پژوهش‌های تولید گیاهی
دوره 26، شماره 2
شهریور 1398
صفحه 215-227

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