اثر شدت نور در پاسخ به تنش سرما بر صفات رویشی و فیزیولوژیکی گیاه دارویی استویا (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni)

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری زراعت، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، ساری، ایران

2 استادیار گروه زراعت، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، ساری، ایران

3 پژوهشکده ژنتیک و زیست‌فناوری کشاورزی طبرستان، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

4 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی رامین خوزستان

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: سرما یکی از عوامل عمده محدودکننده رشد می‌باشد که موجب کاهش عملکرد و حتی مرگ گیاهان می‌گردد. قرار گرفتن گیاهان در معرض دمای بین صفر تا 15 درجه سانتی‌گراد موجب خسارت فیزیولوژیکی در آن‌ها می‌شود. یکی از این خسارت‌ها افزایش تشکیل گونه‌های آزاد اکسیژن است که باعث اکسیداسیون و تجزیه رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی، پروتئین و لیپیدهای غشای تیلاکوئیدی می‌شود. نور نیز بر رشد، اندام‌زایی و تولیدات گیاهی شامل متابولیت‌های اولیه و ثانویه تأثیر دارد، به‌طوری‌که با افزایش شدت نور، سطح برگ، دوام سطح برگ و زیست‌توده گیاه افزایش می‌یابد اما در شدت نور کم میزان تنفس از فتوسنتز بیشتر است. از آن‎‌جایی‌که شدت نور می‌تواند در مقاومت گیاه به تنش‌های محیطی به‌ویژه تنش سرما مؤثر باشد و استویا به‌عنوان گیاهی حساس به سرما نمی‌تواند دمای زیر نه درجه سانتی‌گراد را تحمل ‌کند، بنابراین، هدف از انجام این پژوهش تعیین چگونگی پاسخ صفات رویشی، فیزیولوژیک و قند محلول این گیاه به تنش سرما در شدت‌های مختلف نور بود.
مواد و روش‌ها: این پژوهش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل پنج زمان تنش سرما (صفر، 4، 8، 12 و 16 روز) در دمای 2±6 درجه سانتی‌گراد و سه شدت نور شامل نور معمولی، 50 و 10 درصد نور معمولی (به‌ترتیب240، 120 و 24 میکرومول بر مترمربع در ثانیه) بود. نشاء‌های حاصل از کشت بافت گیاه استویا پس از گذراندن دوره سازگاری (به‌مدت 40 روز)، در گلدان‌های پلاستیکی کشت و به مدت 30 روز در شرایط مطلوب رشدی (دمای 20 تا 24 درجه سانتی‌گراد و دوره نوری 15 ساعت) نگهداری و سپس تیمارهای نوری و دمایی مورد نظر به آن‌ها اعمال شد. پس از اعمال تیمارها، میزان کلروفیل a، b، کلروفیل کل نسبت کلروفیل a/b و کاروتنوئید، صفات مورفولوژیک و خشک اندام‌های رویشی گیاه اندازه‌گیری گردید. در نهایت به‌وسیله نمونه خشک برگی قند محلول گیاه اندازه‌گیری شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد با افزایش مدت زمان تنش سرما، طول ریشه، تعداد گره، سطح برگ و وزن خشک برگ، ریشه، اندام هوایی و کل به‌صورت مدل دوتکه‌ای و وزن خشک ساقه به صورت خطی کاهش یافت. با کاهش شدت نور از 240 تا 24 میکرومول بر متر مربع در ثانیه، سطح برگ، ارتفاع بوته، وزن خشک اندام‌های رویشی و قند محلول (بین 10 تا 48 درصد) کاهش یافتند. به‌علاوه پس از 16 روز تنش سرما در هر سه شدت نور مورد مطالعه، کلروفیل a (بین 18 تا 91 درصد)، b (بین 16 تا 76 درصد)، a+b (بین 17 تا 86 درصد)، a/b (بین 1 تا 60 درصد) و کاروتنوئید (بین 16 تا 91 درصد) نسبت به شاهد به‌صورت خطی و دوتکه‌ای کاهش نشان دادند که این کاهش در شدت نور پایین بیشتر بود. قند محلول و وزن خشک کل بیشترین همبستگی را به‌ترتیب با سطح برگ و وزن اندام هوایی داشتند.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج حاکی از حساسیت صفات رویشی، فیزیولوژیک و میزان قند محلول گیاه استویا به افزایش مدت زمان تنش سرما و کاهش شدت نور بود. به‌طوری‌که بیشترین حساسیت به افزایش مدت زمان تنش سرما و کاهش شدت نور در صفات فیزیولوژیک مشاهده شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of light intensity in response to cold stress on morphological and physiological traits of stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) medicinal plant

نویسنده [English]

  • Yasser Yaghoubian 4
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: Cold stress is one of the main limiting factors which decrease crop production and even lead to plant death. Temperatures between 0 to 15 ºC can cause physiological injury in plants. One of these injuries is increasing the generation of reactive oxygen that adversely affect the photosynthetic pigments, protein and thylakoid membrane lipids. Also, light affects on growth, development, plant productions including primary and secondary metabolites, so that leaf area, leaf area duration and plant biomass positively response to increasing light intensity while in low light intensity respiration rate is more than photosynthesis rate. Since light intensity can effect in plant resistance to environmental stress especially cold stress and stevia is sensitive to cold stress and it cannot tolerate temperature below 9ᵒC, therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine how vegetative and physiological traits and soluble sugar of the plant response to cold stress in different light intensities.
Materials and Methods: This study was done in a factorial arrangement based on a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Treatments were five levels of cold stress (0, 4, 8, 12 and 16 days) at 6±2 ᵒC and three light intensity levels of normal light, 50 and 10 % of normal light (240, 120 and 24 µm.m-2.s-1, respectively). The seedlings of stevia plant from in vitro were planted in the plastic pots after acclimation period (40 days). The seedlings were kept in favorite growth conditions at 20-24ºC and 15 h light photoperiod for 30 days. Then, the mentioned light and temperature treatments were applied. Then chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a/b ratio and carotenoid were measured. Also, plants were harvested and physiological traits and vegetative dry weights were measured. Finally, plant soluble sugar was measured by dry leaf sample.
Results: The results showed that root length, number of nodes, leaf area, leaf, root, shoot and total dry weights decreased as segmental model while stem dry weight decreased linearly when cold stress duration increased. Also traits like leaf area, plant height, vegetative organs dry weight and soluble sugar content (from 10 to 48%) were decreased by reducing light intensity from 240 to 24 µm.m-2.s-1. Moreover, 16 days after cold stress in all light intensities, chlorophyll a (between 18 to 91% ), b (between 16 to 76%), a+b (between 17 to 86%), a/b (between 1 to 60%) and carotenoid (between 16 to 91%) reduced as compared to the control in either segmental or linear models. The most reduction was recorded at low light intensity. Soluble sugar and total dry weight had the most correlation with leaf area and shoot dry weight, respectively.
Conclusion: the results demonstrated that physiological parameters are more sensitive to prolonged cold stress under lower light intensity.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Chlorophyll
  • Cold stress
  • Light intensity
  • Soluble sugar
  • Stevia

مراجع

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پژوهش‌های تولید گیاهی
دوره 26، شماره 3
آبان 1398
صفحه 1-20

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