تأثیر کمپوست زباله شهری و کودهای شیمیایی بر غلظت عناصرغذایی در خاک، عملکرد و تجمع نیترات درکاهو ( Lectuca Sativa L.) رقم بابل

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات، آموزشکشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کرمانشاه

2 استادیار پژوهشی بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات، آموزشکشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کرمانشاه

3 استادیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: بررسی امکان استفاده توأم یا جایگزینی بخشی از کودهای شیمیایی با کودهای آلی در تغذیه کاهو به‌دلیل اثرات زیست محیطی ناشی از مصرف بی‌رویه کودهای شیمیایی، اقدامی ضروری است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی تأثیر سطوح مختلف کمپوست زباله شهری به‌صورت جداگانه و تلفیقی با کودهای شیمیایی بر غلظت برخی از عناصرغذایی در خاک، عملکرد و تجمع نیترات در برگ کاهو اجرا شد.
مواد و روش‌ها: آزمایشی شامل چهار سطح کمپوست زباله شهری (بدون مصرف، 10، 20 و 30 تن در هکتار) همراه با چهار سطح کود شیمیائی (بدون مصرف، عرف زارع، برابر آزمون خاک و 25 درصد کم‌تر از آزمون خاک)، در سه تکرار و به‌‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی بر محصول کاهو در سال زراعی 94-1393 در کرمانشاه اجرا شد. قبل از کاشت، ویژگی‌های شیمیایی و فیزیکی خاک مورد آزمایش با روش‌های استاندارد تجزیه گردید. نسبت به اعمال تیمارهای کودی و و سپس کاشت کاهو در کرت‌های آزمایشی اقدام شد. کنترل علف‌های هرز و آبیاری با سیستم بارانی در زمان مورد نیاز انجام شد. نمونه ‌برداری از خاک پس از برداشت برای اندازه‌گیری برخی از ویژگی‌های شیمیایی خاک و هم‌چنین نسبت به برآورد عملکرد کاهو و اندازه‌گیری عناصرغذایی و میزان نیترات در برگ آن با روش‌های متداول اقدام گردید.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که بین اثرهای اصلی مقادیر مختلف کودهای شیمیائی و کمپوست بر عملکرد، نیترات، غلظت عناصرغذایی و اثر برهم‌کنش آن‌ها بر عملکرد کاهو و مقدار نیترات در برگ آن در سطح یک درصد (p <0.01) و بر غلظت نینروژن، آهن و روی در سطح پنج درصد (p <0.05) اختلاف معنی‌داری وجود داشت. بیش‌ترین عملکرد (6/35 تن درهکتار) و مقدار نیترات (749 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم ماده خشک) در برگ کاهو به‌ترتیب با کاربرد 10 تن بر هکتار کمپوست و مصرف کودهای شیمیائی بر اساس عرف زارع و کم‌نرین مقدار آن‌ها به‌ترتیب با 8/22 تن بر هکتار و 170 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم ماده خشک با تیمار شاهد (عدم مصرف کود) به‌دست آمد. هم‌چنین بین اثرهای اصلی مقادیر مختلف کودهای شیمیائی و کمپوست بر غلظت بیش‌تر عناصرغذایی در خاک در سطح یک درصد (p <0.01) و اثر برهم‌کنش آن‌ها بر درصد کربن آلی، غلظت روی، آهن و مس قابل‌استفاده خاک، در سطح پنج درصد (p <0.05) اختلاف معنی‌داری وجود داشت. بیش‌ترین غلظت روی، آهن و مس قابل‌استفاده در خاک با مصرف 30 تن بر هکتار کمپوست و مصرف کودهای شیمیائی بر اساس عرف زارع به‌دست آمد که اختلاف آ‌ن‌ها نسبت به تیمار شاهد به‌ترتیب 28/1، 16/3 و 24/1 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم خاک بود.
نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به نتایج به‌دست آمده و در نظر گرفتن مسائل زیست‌محیطی و مقدار نیترات در برگ کاهو، کاربرد توأم 10 تن کمپوست بر هکتار و کودهای شیمیایی 25 درصد کم‌تر از آزمون خاک پیشنهاد می‌نماید

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of municipal solid waste compost and chemical fertilizers on concentration some of nutrients in soil, yield and nitrate accumulation in Lettuce (Lectuca Sativa L.) variety of Babel

نویسندگان [English]

  • jalal ghaderi 1
  • shahrokh fathi 2
  • shahram omodvari 3
1 Soil and Water Research Department, Kermanshah Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center
2 Assistance professor of Soil and Water Research Department, Kermanshah Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center
3 Assistance professor of Soil and Water Research Department, Khouzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center.
چکیده [English]

BBackground and Objectives: Evaluation of the possibility of integrated use of organic and inorganic fertilizers or gradual replacement of chemical fertilizers with organic manures is necessary due to environmental issues resulted due to application of chemical fertilizers. well as increasing its quality value. This research was conducted to evaluate the municipal solid waste compost (MSW) as compared to chemical fertilizers on concentration some of nutrients in soil, yield and nitrate accumulation in Lectuce leaf.
Materials and Methods: This field research was conducted with MSW at 4 levels (0, 10, 20 and 30 t ha-1) and chemical fertilizers at four levels (0, conventional farmers, based on soil test and 25% lower than the soil test), in a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete blocks design with three replications in Kermanshah region during 2014-2015. Seeds of Lectuce were planted in plots. Before seed sowing, physical and chemical characteristics of experimental site soil was analyzed with standard methods. Fertilizers were mixd with surface soil, thoroughly and weed control and sprinkler irrigation was done when nessesary. soil samples at post harvesting stage from each treatment plot was collected for determining Organic Carbon (O.C), N, P, K, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Cd and Pb. Finally, yield, nutrients concentration and Lectuce leaf nitrate rate were measured with conventional methods.
Results: The results showed that the main effects of different amounts of MSW and chemical fertilizers on yield, nitrate rate, nutrients concentration and their interaction effects on yield, nitrate rate was a significant at 1% (p < 0.01) and also on the concentration of N, Fe, Zn and Mn in Lectuce leaf at level 5% (p < 0.05). The highest yield (35.6 t ha-1) and nitrate rate (749 mg kg-1 DM) was obtained with the application of 10 t MSW ha-1 and chemical fertilizers based on conventional farmers, and lowest of them was obtained with 22.8 t ha-1 and 170 mg kg-1 DM with control treatment, respectively. Also, the main effects of different amounts of MSW and chemical fertilizers on the concentration of most nutrients in soil was a significant at 1% (p < 0.01) and their interaction effects on the concentration of O.C, Zn, Fe and Cu at 5% (p < 0.05). The highest concentration of Zn, Fe and Cu with the application of 30 t MSW ha-1 and chemical fertilizers based on conventional farmers was observed that their difference compared to the control treatment was 1.28, 3.16 and 1.24 mg kg-1 soil, respectively.
Conclusion: According to the results of this study and considering the environmental problems and nitrate rate in Lectuce leaf, the combined application of 10 t MSW ha-1 and chemical fertilizers 25% lower than the soil test is recommended.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Nitrate
  • Nitrogen
  • Phosphorus
  • Iron
  • Zinc

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پژوهش‌های تولید گیاهی
دوره 26، شماره 3
آبان 1398
صفحه 137-151

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