بررسی سازگاری تعدادی از ارقام زیتون یونانی در منطقه طارم

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی زنجان

2 عضو هیئت علمی مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی زنجان

چکیده

چکیده
سابقه و هدف: زیتون یکی از مهم‌ترین محصولات درختی در استان زنجان بوده و در حال حاضر، شهرستان طارم بیشترین سطح زیر کشت زیتون کشور را به خود اختصاص داده است. یکی از مهمترین عوامل توسعه کشت محصولات بـاغی در هر منطقه، انتخــــاب ارقام سازگار می‌باشد. از این رو می‌توان با بررسی تنوع موجود در بین ارقام مختلف زیتون، ارقامی با عملکرد بالا، خصوصیات مطلوب و سازگار به شرایط آب و هوایی هر منطقه انتخاب کرد. این مطالعه به منظور بررسی سازگاری شش رقم زیتون یونانی و انتخاب ارقام سازگار با منطقه طارم انجام گردید.
مواد و روش ها: این مطالعه از سال 1392 تا 1394 در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار و شش رقم در ایستگاه تحقیقات زیتون طارم به اجرا درآمد. ارقام مورد آزمایش شامل آمفی‌سیس، هالکیدیکی، مگارون، تیاکی، آگروماناکی و پاترینی بود. صفات رویشی و زایشی از قبیل ارتفاع درخت، عرض تاج درخت، سطح مقطع تنه، تعداد گل‌آذین در شاخه، تعداد گل در گل‌آذین، درصد گل‌های کامل، درصد تشکیل میوه و صفات میوه از قبیل وزن میوه، وزن هسته و نسبت گوشت به هسته برای 30 میوه در هر درخت، عملکرد میوه در هر درخت و درصد روغن اندازه‌گیری شد. روغن میوه با استفاده از دستگاه سوکسله و حلال دی اتیل اتر استخراج و مقدار روغن در ماده خشک و ماده تر میوه تعیین گردید. داده ها با نرم افزار آماری SAS مورد آنالیز قرار گرفت.
یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد که بین ارقام از نظر همه صفات رویشی و زایشی اندازه‌گیری شده اختلاف معنی‌داری وجود داشت. به طوری که ارقام تیاکی و هالکیدیکی بیشترین ارتفاع و عرض تاج را داشتند در حالی‌که که رقم مگارون دارای کم‌ترین ارتفاع و رشد قطری تاج درخت بود. از نظر تعداد گل‌آذین در شاخه، ارقام پاترینی و مگارون برتر از سایر ارقام بودند. درصد تشکیل میوه بر اساس نوع رقم متفاوت بود و اختلاف معنی‌داری بین ارقام مشاهده گردید. رقم تیاکی با 88/1 درصد بیش‌ترین و رقم هالکیدیکی با 52/0، کم‌ترین درصد تشکیل میوه را داشتند. وزن تر میوه از 71/1 در رقم تیاکی تا 38/8 گرم در رقم هالکیدیکی متغیر بود. بیش‌ترین عملکرد میوه در رقم هالکیدیکی به دست آمد درحالی‌که رقم آگروماناکی دارای کمترین عملکرد بود. بیشترین کارآیی عملکرد مربوط به رقم مگارون بود. ارقام تیاکی و آمفی‌سیس به ترتیب با 17/53 و 05/53 درصد، بیشتر مقدار روغن در ماده خشک میوه را داشتند.
نتیجه گیری: با توجه به نتایج به دست آمده می‌توان رقم هالکیدیکی و مگارون را به دلیل عملکرد بالاتر، میوه درشت‌تر و درصد روغن مناسب، به عنوان یک رقم دو منظوره برای باغ‌های تجاری طارم و مناطق با شرایط آب و هوایی مشابه، پیشنهاد کرد. همچنین با توجه به قدرت رشد متوسط و کارایی عملکرد بالا، رقم مگارون برای سیستم های کشت‌ متراکم مناسب است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Study on the adaptability of the some Greek olive varieties in Tarom region

نویسندگان [English]

  • mohammad nourizadeh 1
  • mahmoud azimi 2
  • azizollah abdollahi 1
1 agricultural and natural resources research and education center of zanjan
2 Zanjan agricultural and natural resources research center
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Background and Objective: Olive is one of the most important fruit trees in Zanjan province. Currently, Tarom County has the highest olive cultivation area in the country. Selection of suitable and compatible cultivars is one of the most important factors in the development of fruit trees cultivation in each region. Therefore, high yielding cultivars with favorable characteristics and adaptable to a special environmental conditions can be selected by investigating the diversity among different olive cultivars. This study was carried out to investigate the compatibility of six Greek olive cultivars for Tarom region.
Materials and Methods: This study was implemented during 2013 to 2015 in a randomized complete block design with three replications and six cultivars at Tarom Olive Research Station. The tested cultivars were Amphysis, Halkidiki, Megaron, Tiaki, Agromanaki and Patrini. Vegetative and reproductive characteristics such as tree height, tree width, TCSA, inflorescences per shoot, flowers per inflorescence, percentage of perfect flowers, percentage of fruit set and fruit characteristics such as fruit fresh weight, stone weight, pulp/stone ratio for 30 fruits per tree, fruit yield and oil content were measured. Fruit oil was extracted by using Soxhlet and Diethyl ether and the oil content was determined in dry and fresh matter. Data were analyzed using SAS statistical software.
Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between cultivars for all vegetative and reproductive characteristics. Tiaki and Halkidiki cultivars had the highest tree height and canopy width, while the Megaron cultivar had the lowest height and canopy width. In terms of number of inflorescences per shoot, Patrini and Megaron cultivars were superior to others. Percentage of fruit set varied depending on the cultivar and showed significant differences among the cultivars. Tiaki cultivar with 1.88 and halkidiki cultivar with 0.52 percent had the highest and lowest fruit set, respectively. fruit Fresh weight varied from 1.71 g in Tiaki to 8.38 g in Halkidiki cultivar. The highest fruit yield was obtained from Halkidiki, while Agromanaki cultivar had the lowest yield. The highest fruit yield efficiency belonged to the Megaron cultivar. Amphysis and Tiaki cultivars had the highest oil percentage in dry matter.
Conclusion: According to the results, Halkidiki and Megaron cultivars are suggested as dual-purpose cultivars for commercial orchards at Tarom and climatically similar conditions due to higher yields, large fruits and appropriate oil percentages. Moreover, Megaron cultivar can be suitable for high density production systems due to its moderate growth and high yield efficiency.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Olive
  • Cultivar
  • Oil
  • Adaptability
  • Yield

مراجع

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پژوهش‌های تولید گیاهی
دوره 26، شماره 3
آبان 1398
صفحه 153-166

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