مقایسه پتانسیل ترسیب کربن اندام‌های گیاهی سویا (Glycine max (L.) Merill) در دو کشت‌بوم مرسوم و حفاظتی (مطالعه موردی: شهرستان گرگان)

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت

2 عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

3 دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی گرگان

4 دانشیار آبیاری و زهکشی بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان، ایران.

چکیده

سابقه و هدف:افزایش گازهای گلخانه‌ای به بخصوص کربن مشکلات زیادی را در سطح جهانی ایجاد نموده که تغییرات آب و هوایی یکی از معلول‌های این پدیده می باشد کشاورزی به عنوان یک نظام مهم و اساسی در زندگی بشر دارای اثر دوگانه روی این موضوع می‌باشد یعنی هم می‌تواند این پدیده را تشدید کند و هم می ‌تواند نقش کاهندگی و کنترل کنندگی داشته باشد . ترسیب کربن در اندام‌های گیاهی از مهم‌ترین راه‌های کاهش دی اکسید کربن اتمسفر در راستای کاهش اثرات گلخانه‌ای و تغییرات اقلیمی می‌باشد. بیشتر مطالعات مربوط به پتانسیل ترسیب کربن در عرصه های طبیعی و خاک معطوف شده و در بوم‌سازگان‌های کشاورزی توجه کمتری شده است. به منظور بررسی تاثیر نظام‌های کشت مرسوم و حفاظتی بر پتانسیل ترسیب کربن در اندام‌های گیاهی سویا به عنوان یک خدمت بوم‌سازگانی، مطالعه ی در سال زراعی 96-1395 در اراضی کشاورزی شهرستان گرگان انجام شد.
مواد و روش‌ها: در این مطالعه 48 مزرعه در جهات اصلی شهرستان گرگان انتخاب و نمونه گیری به روش W در زمان رسیدگی فیزیولوژیک (اواخر آبان) انجام شد. برای تعیین میزان کربن ذخیره شده از روش کوره احتراق الکتریکی استفاده شد. درصد کربن ذخیره شده به صورت جداگانه در اندام‌های سویا شامل ریشه، ساقه، برگ، غلاف و بذر تعیین شد. وزن هریک از اندام ها در واحد سطح برآورد شد و با استفاده ضرایب ترسیب کربن هر اندام گیاهی، میزان کل کربن ترسیب شده در واحد سطح بدست آمد.
یافته‌ها: میانگین کربن ترسیب شده در کل اندام‌های گیاهی سویا در اراضی تحت نظام مرسوم 4/3281 کیلوگرم در هکتار و در اراضی تحت نظام حفاظتی 1/3176 کیلوگرم در هکتار برآورد شد. دلیل این اختلاف، عملکرد بالاتر زیست‌توده گیاهی در اراضی تحت نظام مرسوم بود. در مقایسه اندام‌های گیاهی هم نتایج مشابهی بدست آمد به طوری‌که میانگین میزان ترسیب کربن در بذر در نظام‌های کشت مرسوم و حفاظتی به ترتیب 6/1181 و 3/1249، در برگ 19/792 و 27/710، در ساقه 61/968 و 85/888، در غلاف 20/69 و 12/87 و در ریشه 81/269 و 57/249 کیلوگرم در هکتار محاسبه شد. همچنین در بررسی میزان ترسیب کربن در اندام‌های هوایی و زمینی مزارع سویا شهرستان گرگان مشخص شد که در اندام‌های هوایی با میانگین 8/2993 کیلوگرم در هکتار و اندام‌های زیرزمینی (ریشه) با میانگین 59/265 کیلوگرم در هکتار اختلاف معنی‌داری در سطح 99 درصد وجود دارد.
نتیجه‌گیری: در بررسی اثر دو نظام کشت حفاظتی و کشت مرسوم مشخص شد در نظام کشاورزی حفاظتی و نظام کشاورزی مرسوم پتانسیل ترسیب کربن در اندام‌های گیاهی تقریبا مشابه است.

واژه‌های کلیدی: سویا، نظام کشاورزی حفاظتی، ترسیب کربن، اندام‌های گیاهی

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparison of carbon sequestration potential of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merill) in two conventional and conservation cropping systems (Case study: Gorgan city)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Saeid Moushani 1
  • afshin soltani 3
  • Mohammad Esmaeil Asadi 4
1 GUASNR
2
3 GUASNR
4 Mohammad Esmaeil Asadi ,Associate Professor, Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Gorgan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Background and objectives: Carbon sequestration in plant organs is one of the most important ways to reduce atmospheric CO2 and also to reduce greenhouse effect and climate change. In order to investigate the effect of conventional and conservation cropping systems on carbon sequestration potential in soybean plant organs as an ecosystem service, a study was conducted in agricultural lands of Gorgan city during 2014-15.

Materials and methods: In this study, 48 soybean fields were selected in the main directions of Gorgan city and sampling was carried out using W method during physiological ripe (late November). An electric burn furnace method was used to determine the amount of stored carbon. The stored carbon content was determined individually in soybean organs including root, stem, leaf, pod and seed. The weight of each plant organ was estimated per unit area, then using the carbon sequestration coefficient, the total amounts of carbon sequestration per unit area was obtained.

Results: The average amount of carbon in soybean plant was estimated as 3281.4 kg/ha under the conventional cropping system and 3176.1 kg/ha under conservation cropping system. The reason for this result was the higher yield of plant biomass in conventional cropping system. Similar results were found for plant organs, so that the average amount of carbon were 1181.6 and 1249.3 kg/h seed, 792.19 and 710.27 kg/ha in leaves, 968.61 and 888.85 kg/ha in stem, 69.20 and 87.12 kg/ha in pods and 269.81 and 249.57 kg/ha in roots under conventional and conservation cropping systems, respectively. Results showed that there was a significant different between the amounts of carbon sequestration in the above ground and below ground organs of soybean. The carbon sequestration amounts were about 2993.8 kg/ha in above ground organs and about 265.59 kg/ha in the below ground organs.

Conclusion: In this study, it has been found that the potential of carbon sequestration in soybean plant organs is similar in conventional plant system and conservation farming system.


Results showed that there was a significant different between the amounts of carbon sequestration in the above ground and below ground organs of soybean. The carbon sequestration amounts were about 2993.8 kg/ha in above ground organs and about 265.59 kg/ha in the below ground organs.

Conclusion: In this study, it has been found that the potential of carbon sequestration in soybean plant organs is similar in conventional plant system and conservation farming system.

Keywords: Soybean, Conservation cropping system, Carbon Sequestration, Plant organs

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Soybean
  • Conservation cropping system
  • Carbon Sequestration
  • Plant organs
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