تأثیر تنظیم‌کننده‌های رشد بر ریزازدیادی پایه‌رویشی GF677 در شرایط محیط‌کشت مایع

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات، آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کرمانشاه، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرمانشاه، ایران

2 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی‌ارشد گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران

3 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران

چکیده

ممقدمه: پایه GF677 (دو‌رگ بین هلو و بادام)، یک پایه مناسب برای هلو، شلیل و بادام است که به طور گسترده در سراسر دنیا استفاده می-‌شود. به دلیل کارایی کم ازدیاد از طریق قلمه، کشت‌بافت روشی مناسب و سریع برای ازدیاد این پایه است. در محیط مایع تماس بافت گیاهی با محیط‌کشت بهتر، تکثیر سریعتر، و هزینه تولید کاهش می‌یابد. بنابراین هدف این تحقیق بهبود پرتکل ریزازدیادی پایه GF677، با استفاده از محیط‌کشت مایع بود.
مواد و روش‌ها: در این تحقیق ریزنمونه‌های گره ضدعفونی شده در محیط‌‌کشت‌‌های MS، B5 و WPM در حالت مایع حاوی هورمون-‌های BA (بنزیل‌آدنین)، در پنج غلظت 25/0، 5/0، 1، 2 و 4 میلی‌‌گرم بر لیتر و IBA (ایندول-3- بوتیریک اسید)، در چهار غلظت 0، 1/0، 25/0 و 5/0 میلی‌‌گرم بر لیتر بررسی شد. آنالیز داده‌‌ها اساس روش آماری فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاٌ تصادفی و مقایسات میانگین داده‌‎ها به روش آزمون LSD در سطح احتمــال 5% انجام شد.
نتایج و بحث: نتایج نشان داد که حداکثر تعداد شاخساره (44/2 شاخساره) در محیط مایع WPM با غلظت 1 میلی‌‌گرم در لیتر BA ‌و بلندترین طول شاخساره‌ها در محیط‌‌کشت حاوی 1 میلی‌‌گرم در لیتر BA و 25/0 میلی‌‌گرم در لیتر IBA در محیط‌‌کشت B5 مشاهده شد. این مطالعه نشان داد تعداد شاخساره با افزایش غلظت BA تا غلظت مشخصی افزایش یافت. به نظر می‌رسد که بین غلظت BA و تعداد شاخساره تا یک غلظت خاصی از BA، رابطه مثبت وجود دارد به طوری که تعداد شاخساره در غلظت 1 میلی‌گرم در لیتر BA به بیشترین تعداد خود رسید. در غلظت‌های بالاتر از 1 میلی‌گرم در لیتر BAP، تعداد شاخساره‌ها کاهش یافت. به نظر می‌رسد پایه GF 677 دارای مقادیری از تنظیم‌کننده‌های رشد به صورت درون‌زا باشند، به طوری که کاربرد غلظت کمی از تنظیم کننده‌های رشد برون‌زا برای پرآوری آن‌ها کافی است . به نظر می_رسد مقدار مشخصی از BA برای به دست آوردن بیشترین باززایی مورد نیاز است و غلظت‌های بالاتر BA سبب ایجاد مقدار زیادی کالوس می‌شود که در کشت‌بافت برای تولید شاخساره مناسب نیست.
جهت ریشه‌زایی، شاخساره‌ها را به محیط‌کشت MS جامد حاوی 1 میلی‌‌گرم در لیتر IBA و 5/0 میلی‌‌گرم در لیتر BA منتقل و 33 درصد ریشه‌زایی حاصل شد. گیاهچه‌های ریشه‌دار شده در محیط‌ شامل پرلیت، ماسه و خاک به نسبت 1:2:1 قرار گرفتند. 90 در‌صد نمونه‌‌های انتقال یافته به محیط خاکی زنده مانده و رشد طبیعی داشتند.
نتیجه‌گیری: ریز‌ازدیادی پایه GF677 تحت تأثیر محیط‌‌کشت‌ (MS، B5 و WPM) و تنظیم‌کننده‌های رشد قرار گرفت. محیط‌‌کشت WPM همراه با 1 میلی‌‌گرم در لیتر BA ‌با صددرصد باززایی ریزنمونه‌ها و تولید بیشترین تعداد شاخساره ‌(44/2 شاخساره)، مناسب‌ترین محیط-‌کشت در بین سایر محیط‌‏های کشت مورد استفاده بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of growth regulators on micropropagatin of GF677 rootstock under liquid mediumconditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Gerdakaneh 1
  • Maryam Mohamadi 2
  • Hedieh Badakhshan 3
  • Issa Arji 1
1 Crops and Horticultural Science Research Department, Kermanshah Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Kermanshah, Iran,
2 M.Sc. Graduate, Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
3 3Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction: GF667 is a hybrid of Prunus Amygdalus × Prunus persica and is the most commonly used rootstock for peach, nectarines and almonds. Due to low efficiency of propagation trough cutting, tissue culture is a good and fast method for propagation of GF667. In the liquid medium, contact between the plant tissue and the medium is better, propagation is accelerated, and cost of production is reduced. Therefore, the aim of this study was to optimize micropropagation methods for GF677 rootstock by using liquid culture system.
Materials and Methods:
In this study, sterile nodal explants were cultured on different media include Murashige and SKoog (MS), Woody plant medium (WPM) and Gamborg (B5) supplemented with various concentrations of BA (benzyl adenine) at concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mg/L and IBA (indole-3-butyric acid) at concentrations of 0, 0.1, 0.25 and 0.5 mg/L. Elongated shoots of GF677 were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/l IBA and 0.0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5 mg/l BA for rooting. Factorial analysis of variance was carried out and differences between means were scored with LSD tests.
Results and Discussion: Effect of different culture media (MS, B5 and WPM) and growth regulators (BA and IBA) on number of shoots per proliferated explant of GF-677 showed that the maximum number of shoots (2.44 shoots) was obtained in WPM medium at a concentration of 1 mg / l BA and the highest shoot length was obtained with 1 mg / l BA and 0.25 mg / l IBA in medium B5.
As concentration of BA increased to 1 mg/l, the number of shoot also increased. It sounds that there is a positive correlation between concentration of BA and number of shoot to a certain concentration of BA, so that number of shoot reaches its peak at concentration of 1 mg/l BA. At concentrations higher than 1 mg/l BA decrease in number of shoots can be seen. It shows that when concentration of BA was in excessive amount, it resulted in decrease of shoot number. One of the possible reason can be reductive effect of higher concentrations of BA. Apparently a certain amount of BA is required to obtain the best effect. Higher concentrations of BA brought about formation of high amount of callus which is not appropriate in tissue culture.
On MS medium containing 1.0 mg/L IBA and 0.5 mg/l BA, a maximum rooting efficiency was obtained. Rooted plants were transferred in terrestrial environments combination of perlite, sand and soil in the ratio of 1: 2: 1 respectively. Rooted plantlets were successfully acclimatized and transferred to potting mix with 90% survival and grow naturally after strengthening and transferred to soil.
Conclusions: The shoot multiplication of GF677 was influenced by the media (MS, B5 and WPM) and growth regulators. The WPM medium at a concentration of 1 mg/l BA gave the best results (2.44 shoots) for the proliferation of cultures from explant among the tested media.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Culture medium
  • Growth regulatore
  • Micropropagation
  • Vegetative rootstock
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