ارزیابی تنوع فنوتیپی، ژنتیکی و مقدار نسبی DNA هسته در فستوکای پا بلند (Festuca arundinacea)

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام‌نور، تهران، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه اصلاح نباتات و بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

3 استاد پژوهشی، بخش تحقیقات مرتع، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: گونه‌های فستوکا در ایران رشد می‌کنند و پلی‌پلوئیدی بودن نقش مهمی در تکامل این گروه دارد. گیاه Festuca arundinacea متعلق به خانواده گراس‌ها بوده و شامل گونه‌های متفاوتی است که بعنوان علوفه، چمن و همچنین برای محافظت از خاک استفاده می‌شوند. هدف از این تحقیق مطالعه تغییر در مقدار نسبی DNA هسته و صفات فنولوژیکی–مورفولوژیکی در ژنوتیپ-های مختلف F.arundinacea جمع‌آوری شده از مناطق متفاوت می‌باشد.
مواد و روش‌ها: این آزمایش در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با 3 تکرار انجام شد. پارامتر‌های ژنتیکی برای همه صفات شامل زمان ظهور خوشه، زمان گلدهی، ارتفاع گیاه، سرعت جوانه‌زنی، قدرت جوانه‌زنی، پایداری، عملکرد علوفه، تعداد شاخه در بوته، طول سنبله، وزن هزاردانه، درصد جوانه‌زنی، وزن بذر در بوته، شاخص برداشت، تعداد بذر در بوته محاسبه گردید. برای انداز‌گیری مقدار نسبی DNA از گیاهچه‌های با طول عمر سه هفته، فلوروکروم DAPI و گیاه جو (Hordeum vulgare) رقم سلطان بعنوان استاندارد داخلی استفاده شد.
یافته‌ها: ارزیابی پارامترهای ژنتیکی نشان داد تفاوت بین ضریب تغییرات ژنتیکی و فنوتیپی برای تعداد روز تا خوشه‌دهی، تاریخ گلدهی، تعداد ساقه در بوته، سرعت و قدرت جوانه‌زنی، قوه نامیه، تعداد بذر در بوته، وزن هزار دانه و ارتفاع گیاه ناچیز بوده که می-توان گفت نقش واریانس ژنتیکی بیشتر از واریانس محیطی است. از طرف دیگر مقدار وراثت‌پذیری صفات بین 95-66% بود. وراثت-پذیری بالا برای همه صفات بجزء طول خوشه مشاهده شد که نشان می‌دهد روش‌های مبتنی بر گزینش برای این صفات از کارایی بالایی برخوردار است. به علت تفاوت ناچیز PCV و GCV، وراثت‌پذیری بالا به همراه پیشرفت ژنتیکی بالا برای صفات تعداد روز تا خوشه‌دهی، تاریخ گلدهی و قدرت جوانه‌زنی می‌توان نتیجه گرفت این صفات توسط ژن‌های افزایشی کنترل می‌شوند و می‌توان آنها را در برنامه‌های اصلاحی از طریق گزینش بهبود داد. مشخص شد که تفاوت معنی‌داری بین ژنوتیپ‌های مورد مطالعه برای مقدار نسبی DNA هسته وجود دارد که نشان‌دهنده تنوع درون گونه‌ای بالا بین ژنوتیپ‌های متفاوت از مناطق مختلف است. نتایج مقایسه میانگین نشان داد ژنوتیپ‌ها در 7 گروه قرار می‌گیرند که بالاترین و کمترین مقدار نسبی DNA هسته به ترتیب در ژنوتیپ‌های G13, G20, G21 وG22, G16 بود. با توجه به مطالعات گذشته، تغییر در مقدار نسبی DNA هسته را در این ژنوتیپ‌ها را می‌توان به وجود کروموزوم B و تغییر در طول کروموزوم نسبت داد.
نتیجه‌گیری: پیشنهاد می‌شود از صفات زمان ظهور سنبله، زمان گلدهی و قدرت جوانه‌زنی برای برنامه‌های اصلاحی استفاده شود. همچنین تغییر در مقدار نسبی DNA و صفات مورفولوژیکی-فنولوژیکی می‌توانند فاکتورهای مهمی در تکامل و سازگاری این گونه به شرایط محیطی مختلف باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessment of Phenotypic and Genetic Diversity and Relative Nuclear DNA Content in Festuca arundinacea

نویسندگان [English]

  • soheila afkar 1
  • Ghasem Karimzadeh 2
  • Ali Ashraf Jafari 3
1 Assistant Prof., Dept. of Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
2 Associate Prof., Dept. of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran
3 Professor, Research Institutes of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Festuca species grow in Iran and widespread occurrence of polyploidy has an important role in the evolution of this group. Festuca arundinacea belong to the grass family and include different species that used as forage, turf grass and for soil conservation. The aim of this work was the study of changing in DNA content morphological and phenological traits in different genotypes of F. arundinacea which collected from different regions.
Material and Methods: This experiment was conducted using a complete block design with 3 replications. Genetic parameters were estimated for all traits including Day to head emergence, Flowering date, Plant height, Number of. stem per plant, Spike length, 1000-seed weight, Germination percentage, Germination rate, Germination vigor, Stability, Forage yield, Seed yield, Seed weight per stem, Harvest Index, Number of seed per plant. Three-week-old plants, fluorochrome DAPI and Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Sultan (2C= 11.12 pg) as an internal standard for DNA content measurement were used.
Results: Evaluation of genetic parameters indicated that the difference between PCV and GCV was low for days to head emergence, flowering date, number of stem per plant, germination percentage, number of seed per plant, 1000-seed weight, germination rate, germination vigor and plant height, which clearly indicated the role of genetic variance was higher than the environmental variance. On the other hand, heritability was ranged between 66-95%. High broad-sense heritability was also observed for all the characters except spike length which indicate selection-based methods have high efficiency for these traits. Due to the low difference between PCV and GCV, high heritability and high genetic advance for days to head emergence, flowering date and germination vigor, it can be concluded that these traits are controlled by additive genetic action and can be improved through selective breeding programs. ANOVA results for relative nuclear DNA amount showed a significant difference between studied genotypes which suggest there is a high intraspecies variation for various genotypes in the different regions. The results of the mean comparison showed that the genotypes can be categorized into 7 separate groups. The highest and lowest relative amount of nuclear DNA was in (G13, G20, G21) and (G22, G16) genotypes respectively. According to previous studies, the change in the relative amount of nuclear DNA can be attributed to the presence of chromosome B and change the length of the chromosome.
Conclusion: It is suggested that day to head emergence, flowering date and germination vigor traits to be used for plant breeding programs. Moreover, the change in relative DNA content and morphological-phenological traits can be considered factors in the evolution of F.arundinacea and adaptation to varying environmental condition.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • "Festuca arundinacea"
  • "Genetic advance"
  • "Genetic parameters"
  • "Heritability"
  • "Relative Nuclear DNA amount"

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پژوهش‌های تولید گیاهی
دوره 27، شماره 2
شهریور 1399
صفحه 87-101

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